OwenRyleyModel.C

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    Copyright (C) 2021-2024 OpenCFD Ltd.
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#include "OwenRyleyModel.H"
#include "processorFaPatch.H"
#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
 
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
namespace Foam
{
namespace filmSeparationModels
{
    defineTypeNameAndDebug(OwenRyleyModel, 0);
    addToRunTimeSelectionTable(filmSeparationModel, OwenRyleyModel, dictionary);
 
 
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
tmp<areaScalarField> OwenRyleyModel::calcInvR1
(
    const areaVectorField& U
) const
{
    const dimensionedScalar smallU(dimVelocity, ROOTVSMALL);
    const areaVectorField UHat(U/(mag(U) + smallU));
 
    auto tinvR1 = areaScalarField::New
    (
        "invR1",
        IOobjectOption::NO_REGISTER,
        (UHat & (UHat & -gradNHat_))
    );
    scalarField& invR1 = tinvR1.ref().primitiveFieldRef();
 
    // Apply defined patch radii
    if (definedPatchRadii_ > 0)
    {
        invR1 = 1.0/max(1e-6, definedPatchRadii_);
    }
 
    // Filter out large radii
    for (auto& x : invR1)
    {
        if (mag(x) < 1e-6)
        {
            x = -1;
        }
    }
 
    return tinvR1;
}
 
 
tmp<scalarField> OwenRyleyModel::calcCosAngle
(
    const edgeScalarField& phi,
    const scalarField& invR1
) const
{
    const areaVectorField& U = film().Uf();
    const dimensionedScalar smallU(dimVelocity, ROOTVSMALL);
    const areaVectorField UHat(U/(mag(U) + smallU));
 
    const vector gHat(normalised(film().g().value()));
 
    const faMesh& mesh = film().regionMesh();
    const labelUList& own = mesh.edgeOwner();
    const labelUList& nbr = mesh.edgeNeighbour();
 
    scalarField phiMax(mesh.nFaces(), -GREAT);
    scalarField cosAngle(UHat.size(), Zero);
 
    // Internal edges
    forAll(nbr, edgei)
    {
        const label cellO = own[edgei];
        const label cellN = nbr[edgei];
        const scalar phiEdge = phi[edgei];
 
        if (phiEdge > phiMax[cellO])
        {
            phiMax[cellO] = phiEdge;
            cosAngle[cellO] = -gHat & UHat[cellN];
        }
        if (-phiEdge > phiMax[cellN])
        {
            phiMax[cellN] = -phiEdge;
            cosAngle[cellN] = -gHat & UHat[cellO];
        }
    }
 
    // Processor edges
    for (const auto& phip : phi.boundaryField())
    {
        if (isA<processorFaPatch>(phip.patch()))
        {
            const auto& edgeFaces = phip.patch().edgeFaces();
            const auto& UHatp = UHat.boundaryField()[phip.patch().index()];
            forAll(phip, edgei)
            {
                const label cellO = edgeFaces[edgei];
                if (phip[edgei] > phiMax[cellO])
                {
                    phiMax[cellO] = phip[edgei];
                    cosAngle[cellO] = -gHat & UHatp[edgei];
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    cosAngle *= pos(invR1);
 
 
    if (debug && mesh.time().writeTime())
    {
        {
            areaScalarField areaCosAngle
            (
                mesh.newIOobject("cosAngle"),
                mesh,
                dimensionedScalar(dimless, Zero)
            );
            areaCosAngle.primitiveFieldRef() = cosAngle;
            areaCosAngle.correctBoundaryConditions();
            areaCosAngle.write();
        }
 
        {
            areaScalarField areaInvR1
            (
                mesh.newIOobject("InvR1"),
                mesh,
                dimensionedScalar(inv(dimLength), Zero)
            );
            areaInvR1.primitiveFieldRef() = invR1;
            areaInvR1.write();
        }
    }
 
    return clamp(cosAngle, scalarMinMax(-1, 1));
}
 
 
tmp<scalarField> OwenRyleyModel::netForce() const
{
    const faMesh& mesh = film().regionMesh();
 
    const areaScalarField& h = film().h();
    const areaVectorField& U = film().Uf();
    const edgeScalarField& phi = film().phi2s();
    const areaScalarField& rho = film().rho();
    const areaScalarField& sigma = film().sigma();
 
    const scalarField magSqrU(magSqr(U));
    const scalarField invR1(calcInvR1(U));
    const scalarField cosAngle(calcCosAngle(phi, invR1));
 
    const scalar magG = mag(film().g().value());
 
    // Initialize the net-force magnitude
    auto tFnet = tmp<scalarField>::New(mesh.nFaces(), Zero);
    auto& Fnet = tFnet.ref();
 
    forAll(Fnet, i)
    {
        if ((invR1[i] > minInvR1()) && (h[i]*invR1[i] > minHbyR1()))
        {
            const scalar R1 = 1.0/(invR1[i] + ROOTVSMALL);
            const scalar R2 = R1 + h[i];
 
            // Inertial force (OR:Eq. 11; '2' is an exponent in the Eq.)
            const scalar Fi = -4.0/3.0*h[i]*rho[i]*magSqrU[i]*invR1[i];
 
            // Body force (OR:Eq. 11)
            const scalar Fb =
                -0.5*rho[i]*magG*invR1[i]*(sqr(R1) - sqr(R2))*cosAngle[i];
 
            // Surface force (OR:Eq. 11)
            const scalar Fs = sigma[i]/R2;
 
            Fnet[i] = Fi + Fb + Fs;
        }
    }
 
    if (debug && mesh.time().writeTime())
    {
        {
            areaScalarField areaFnet
            (
                mesh.newIOobject("Fnet"),
                mesh,
                dimensionedScalar(dimForce, Zero)
            );
            areaFnet.primitiveFieldRef() = Fnet;
            areaFnet.write();
        }
    }
 
    return tFnet;
}
 
 
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
OwenRyleyModel::OwenRyleyModel
(
    const regionModels::areaSurfaceFilmModels::liquidFilmBase& film,
    const dictionary& dict
)
:
    filmSeparationModel(film, dict),
    fThreshold_(dict.getOrDefault<scalar>("fThreshold", 1e-8)),
    definedPatchRadii_(dict.getOrDefault<scalar>("definedPatchRadii", 0)),
    minHbyR1_(dict.getOrDefault<scalar>("deltaByR1Min", 0)),
    minInvR1_(dict.getOrDefault<scalar>("minInvR1", 5)),
    gradNHat_(fac::grad(film.regionMesh().faceAreaNormals()))
{
    if (mag(film.g().value()) < ROOTVSMALL)
    {
        FatalErrorInFunction
            << "Gravitational acceleration must be non-zero."
            << exit(FatalError);
    }
}
 
 
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
tmp<scalarField> OwenRyleyModel::separatedMassRatio() const
{
    const faMesh& mesh = film().regionMesh();
 
    tmp<scalarField> tFnet = netForce();
    const auto& Fnet = tFnet.cref();
 
    // Initialize the mass ratio of film separation
    auto tseparated = tmp<scalarField>::New(mesh.nFaces(), Zero);
    auto& separated = tseparated.ref();
 
    forAll(Fnet, i)
    {
        if ((Fnet[i] + fThreshold_) < 0)
        {
            separated[i] = 1;
        }
    }
 
    return tseparated;
}
 
 
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
} // End namespace filmSeparationModels
} // End namespace Foam
 
 
// ************************************************************************* //