surfaceFieldValue.H

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    Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
    Copyright (C) 2015-2023 OpenCFD Ltd.
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License
    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
 
    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.
 
    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
    for more details.
 
    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
Class
    Foam::functionObjects::fieldValues::surfaceFieldValue
 
Group
    grpFieldFunctionObjects
 
Description
    A \c face regionType variant of the \c fieldValues function object.
 
    Given a list of user-specified fields and a selection of mesh (or general
    surface) faces, a number of operations can be performed, such as sums,
    averages and integrations.
 
    For example, to calculate the volumetric or mass flux across a patch,
    apply the \c sum operator to the flux field (typically \c phi).
 
Usage
    A minimal example:
    \verbatim
    surfaceFieldValuePatchFO
    {
        // Mandatory entries
        type            surfaceFieldValue;
        libs            (fieldFunctionObjects);
        fields          <wordList>;  // (<field1> <field2> ... <fieldN>);
        regionType      <word>;
        operation       <word>;
 
        // Optional entries
        postOperation   <word>;
        writeArea       <bool>;
        empty-surface   <word>;  // default | warn | ignore | strict
        names           (<patch-name> <patch-regex>);
        name            <patch>;
        weightField     <word>;  // alpha1;
 
        // Conditional entries
 
            // when regionType = sampledSurface
            sampledSurfaceDict  <dict>;
 
            // when writeFields = true
            surfaceFormat   <word>;  // vtk | raw | none
 
        // Inherited entries
        ...
    }
 
    where the entries mean:
    \table
      Property     | Description                        | Type | Reqd | Deflt
      type         | Type name: surfaceFieldValue       | word |  yes  | -
      libs         | Libraries: fieldFunctionObjects    | wordList |  yes  | -
      regionType   | Face regionType: see below         | word |  yes  | -
      fields       | Names of operand fields            | wordList | yes | -
      name         | Name of the regionType             | word |  yes  | -
      names        | Extended selection              | word/regex list | no | -
      operation    | Operation type: see below          | word |  yes  | -
      postOperation | Post-operation type: see below    | word |  no   | none
      weightField   | Name of field to apply weighting   | word |  maybe |
      weightFields  | Names of fields to apply weighting | wordList | maybe |
      writeArea    | Write the surface area             | bool |  no   | false
      surfaceFormat | Output value format               | word <!--
                --> | conditional on writeFields  | none
      empty-surface | Error handling for empty surfaces | enum | no | default
      sampledSurfaceDict | Dict defining the sampledSurface | dict | no | -
    \endtable
 
    The inherited entries are elaborated in:
      - \link fieldValue.H \endlink
 
    Options for the \c regionType entry:
    \plaintable
      faceZone      | The \b name entry specifies a faceZone. Supports \b names
      patch         | The \b name entry specifies a patch. Supports \b names
      functionObjectSurface | The \b name entry specifies a polySurface
      sampledSurface        | A \b sampledSurfaceDict sub-dictionary and \b name
    \endplaintable
 
    Options for the \c operation entry:
    \plaintable
      none          | no operation
      min           | minimum
      max           | maximum
      sum           | sum
      sumMag        | sum of component magnitudes
      sumDirection  | sum values that are positive in given direction
      sumDirectionBalance | sum of balance of values in given direction
      average       | ensemble average
      areaAverage   | area-weighted average
      areaIntegrate | area integral
      CoV           | coefficient of variation: standard deviation/mean
      areaNormalAverage | area-weighted average in face normal direction
      areaNormalIntegrate | area-weighted integral in face normal directon
      uniformity    | uniformity index
      weightedSum           | weighted sum
      weightedAverage       | weighted average
      weightedAreaAverage   | weighted area average
      weightedAreaIntegrate | weighted area integral
      weightedUniformity    | weighted uniformity index
      absWeightedSum           | sum using absolute weighting
      absWeightedAverage       | average using absolute weighting
      absWeightedAreaAverage   | area average using absolute weighting
      absWeightedAreaIntegrate | area integral using absolute weighting
      absWeightedUniformity    | uniformity index using absolute weighting
    \endplaintable
 
    Options for the \c postOperation entry:
    \plaintable
       none          | No additional operation after calculation
       mag           | Component-wise \c mag() after normal operation
       sqrt          | Component-wise \c sqrt() after normal operation
    \endplaintable
 
Note
    - Some types (eg, patch or faceZone) support the selection of multiple
      entries, which can be specified as list of words or regular expressions
      by \b names entry.<br>
      If the \b names enty exists \em and contains a literal that can be used
      as a suitable value for \b name, the \b name entry becomes optional
      instead of being mandatory.
    - The values reported by the \c areaNormalAverage and \c areaNormalIntegrate
      operations are written as the first component of a field with the same
      rank as the input field.
    - Faces on empty patches are ignored.
    - Using \c functionObjectSurface:
      - The keyword %subRegion should not be used to select surfaces.
        Instead specify the regionType 'functionObjectSurface' and provide
        the name.
    - Using \c sampledSurface:
        - surface fields only supported by some surfaces
        - default uses sampleScheme \c cell
        - each face in \c sampledSurface is logically only in one cell
          so sampling will be wrong when they are larger than cells.
          This can only happen for sampling on a \c triSurfaceMesh
        - take care when using isoSurfaces - these might have duplicate
          triangles and so integration might be wrong
 
    Uniformity:
    \f[
        UI(\phi) = 1 - \frac{1}{2 \overline{\phi} A}
        \int{\left| W \phi \cdot \hat{n} - \bar{W} \bar{\phi}\right| d\vec{A}}
        \,,\;
        \bar{\phi} = \frac{\int{W \phi \cdot d\vec{A}}}{\int{W \cdot d\vec{A}}}
    \f]
 
    A velocity uniformity index is calculated with no weighting (W=1) and
    \f$ \phi = \vec{U} \f$.
 
    A scalar concentration uniformity index is calculated with either
    \f$ \rho \vec U \f$ or \f$ \vec U \f$ for weighting and
    \f$ \phi = conc \f$.
 
SourceFiles
    surfaceFieldValue.C
    surfaceFieldValueTemplates.C
 
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
#ifndef Foam_functionObjects_surfaceFieldValue_H
#define Foam_functionObjects_surfaceFieldValue_H
 
#include "fieldValue.H"
#include "Enum.H"
#include "surfaceMesh.H"
#include "polySurface.H"
#include "fvsPatchField.H"
#include "volFieldsFwd.H"
#include "polySurfaceFieldsFwd.H"
 
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
namespace Foam
{
 
// Forward Declarations
class sampledSurface;
class surfaceWriter;
 
namespace functionObjects
{
namespace fieldValues
{
 
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
                      Class surfaceFieldValue Declaration
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
class surfaceFieldValue
:
    public fieldValue
{
public:
 
    // Public Data Types
 
        //- Region type enumeration
        enum regionTypes
        {
            stFaceZone = 0x01,   
            stPatch    = 0x02,   
            stObject   = 0x11,   
            stSampled  = 0x12    
        };
 
        //- Region type names
        static const Enum<regionTypes> regionTypeNames_;
 
        //- Operation type enumeration
        enum operationType
        {
            // Normal operations
 
            opNone = 0,             
            opMin,                  
            opMax,                  
            opSum,                  
            opSumMag,               
            opSumDirection,         

            opSumDirectionBalance,
 
            opAverage,              
            opAreaAverage,          
            opAreaIntegrate,        
            opCoV,                  
 
            // Operations returning scalar - bitmask value
            typeScalar = 0x100,

            opAreaNormalAverage = (1 | typeScalar),

            opAreaNormalIntegrate,

            opUniformity,
 
            // Weighted variants
            // Operations using weighting - bitmask value
            typeWeighted = 0x200,

            opWeightedSum = (opSum | typeWeighted),

            opWeightedAverage = (opAverage | typeWeighted),

            opWeightedAreaAverage = (opAreaAverage | typeWeighted),

            opWeightedAreaIntegrate = (opAreaIntegrate | typeWeighted),

            opWeightedUniformity = (opUniformity | typeWeighted),
 
            // Variants using absolute weighting
            // Operation using mag (eg, for weighting) - bitmask value
            typeAbsolute = 0x400,

            opAbsWeightedSum = (opWeightedSum | typeAbsolute),

            opAbsWeightedAverage = (opWeightedAverage | typeAbsolute),

            opAbsWeightedAreaAverage = (opWeightedAreaAverage | typeAbsolute),

            opAbsWeightedAreaIntegrate =
                (opWeightedAreaIntegrate | typeAbsolute),

            opAbsWeightedUniformity =
                (opWeightedUniformity | typeAbsolute),
        };
 
        //- Operation type names
        static const Enum<operationType> operationTypeNames_;
 
 
        //- Post-operation type enumeration
        enum postOperationType
        {
            postOpNone,   
            postOpMag,    
            postOpSqrt    
        };
 
        //- Operation type names
        static const Enum<postOperationType> postOperationTypeNames_;
 
 
private:
 
    // Private Member Functions
 
        //- Set faces to evaluate based on a face zone
        void setFaceZoneFaces();
 
        //- Set faces to evaluate based on a patch
        void setPatchFaces();
 
        //- Combine mesh faces and points from multiple processors
        void combineMeshGeometry
        (
            faceList& faces,
            pointField& points
        ) const;
 
        //- Combine surface faces and points from multiple processors
        void combineSurfaceGeometry
        (
            faceList& faces,
            pointField& points
        ) const;
 
        //- Calculate and return total area of the surfaceFieldValue: sum(magSf)
        scalar totalArea() const;
 
 
protected:
 
    // Protected Data
 
        //- Region type
        regionTypes regionType_;
 
        //- Operation to apply to values
        operationType operation_;
 
        //- Optional post-evaluation operation
        postOperationType postOperation_;
 
        //- Track if the surface needs an update
        bool needsUpdate_;
 
        //- Optionally write the area of the surfaceFieldValue
        bool writeArea_;
 
        //- Handling of empty surfaces (nFaces = 0). Default is Fatal.
        error::handlerTypes emptySurfaceError_;
 
        //- Extended selections
        wordRes selectionNames_;
 
        //- Weight field name(s) - optional
        wordList weightFieldNames_;
 
        //- Total area of the surfaceFieldValue
        scalar totalArea_;
 
        //- Global number of faces
        label nFaces_;
 
        //- Number of warnings emitted since the last valid update
        unsigned nWarnings_;
 
 
    // If operating on mesh faces (faceZone, patch)
 
        //- Local list of face IDs
        labelList faceId_;
 
        //- Local list of patch ID per face
        labelList facePatchId_;
 
        //- List representing the face flip map
        //  (false: use as-is, true: negate)
        boolList faceFlip_;
 
 
    // Demand-driven
 
        //- The sampledSurface (when operating on sampledSurface)
        autoPtr<sampledSurface> sampledPtr_;
 
        //- Surface writer
        autoPtr<surfaceWriter> surfaceWriterPtr_;
 
 
    // Static Member Functions
 
        //- Weighting factor.
        //  Possibly applies mag() depending on the operation type.
        template<class WeightType>
        static tmp<scalarField> weightingFactor
        (
            const Field<WeightType>& weightField,
            const bool useMag
        );
 
        //- Weighting factor, weight field projected onto unit-normal.
        //  Possibly applies mag() depending on the operation type.
        //  Reverts to 'one' if the weight field is unavailable.
        template<class WeightType>
        static tmp<scalarField> weightingFactor
        (
            const Field<WeightType>& weightField,
            const vectorField& Sf,
            const bool useMag
        );
 
        //- Weighting factor, weight field with area factor.
        //  Possibly applies mag() depending on the operation type.
        //  Reverts to mag(Sf) if the weight field is unavailable.
        template<class WeightType>
        static tmp<scalarField> areaWeightingFactor
        (
            const Field<WeightType>& weightField,
            const vectorField& Sf,
            const bool useMag
        );
 
 
    // Protected Member Functions
 
        //- The volume mesh or surface registry being used
        const objectRegistry& obr() const;
 
        //- Can the surface definition sample surface-fields?
        inline bool withSurfaceFields() const;
 
        //- Can use mesh topological merge?
        inline bool withTopologicalMerge() const noexcept;
 
        //- Return the local list of face IDs
        inline const labelList& faceId() const noexcept;
 
        //- Return the local list of patch ID per face
        inline const labelList& facePatch() const noexcept;
 
        //- Return the local true/false list representing the face flip map
        inline const boolList& faceFlip() const noexcept;
 
        //- True if the operation needs a surface Sf
        bool usesSf() const noexcept;
 
        //- True if the operation variant uses mag
        inline bool is_magOp() const noexcept;
 
        //- True if the operation variant uses a weight-field
        inline bool is_weightedOp() const noexcept;
 
        //- True if field is non-empty on any processor.
        template<class WeightType>
        inline bool canWeight(const Field<WeightType>& fld) const;
 
        //- Update the surface and surface information as required.
        //  Do nothing (and return false) if no update was required
        bool update();
 
        //- Return true if the field name is known and a valid type
        template<class Type>
        bool validField(const word& fieldName) const;
 
        //- Return field values by looking up field name
        template<class Type>
        tmp<Field<Type>> getFieldValues
        (
            const word& fieldName,
            const bool mandatory = false
        ) const;
 
        //- Apply the 'operation' to the values. Operation must preserve Type.
        template<class Type, class WeightType>
        Type processSameTypeValues
        (
            const Field<Type>& values,
            const vectorField& Sf,
            const Field<WeightType>& weightField
        ) const;
 
        //- Apply the 'operation' to the values. Wrapper around
        //  processSameTypeValues. See also template specialisation below.
        template<class Type, class WeightType>
        Type processValues
        (
            const Field<Type>& values,
            const vectorField& Sf,
            const Field<WeightType>& weightField
        ) const;
 
 
        //- Filter a surface field according to faceIds
        template<class Type>
        tmp<Field<Type>> filterField
        (
            const GeometricField<Type, fvsPatchField, surfaceMesh>& field
        ) const;
 
        //- Filter a volume field according to faceIds
        template<class Type>
        tmp<Field<Type>> filterField
        (
            const GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh>& field
        ) const;
 
        //- Templated helper function to output field values
        template<class WeightType>
        label writeAll
        (
            const vectorField& Sf,
            const Field<WeightType>& weightField,
            const pointField& points,
            const faceList& faces
        );
 
        //- Templated helper function to output field values
        template<class Type, class WeightType>
        bool writeValues
        (
            const word& fieldName,
            const vectorField& Sf,
            const Field<WeightType>& weightField,
            const pointField& points,
            const faceList& faces
        );
 
 
        //- Output file header information
        virtual void writeFileHeader(Ostream& os);
 
 
public:
 
    //- Declare type-name, virtual type (with debug switch)
    TypeName("surfaceFieldValue");
 
 
    // Constructors
 
        //- Construct from name, Time and dictionary
        surfaceFieldValue
        (
            const word& name,
            const Time& runTime,
            const dictionary& dict
        );
 
        //- Construct from name, objectRegistry and dictionary
        surfaceFieldValue
        (
            const word& name,
            const objectRegistry& obr,
            const dictionary& dict
        );
 
        //- No copy construct
        surfaceFieldValue(const surfaceFieldValue&) = delete;
 
        //- No copy assignment
        void operator=(const surfaceFieldValue&) = delete;
 
 
    //- Destructor
    virtual ~surfaceFieldValue();
 
 
    // Member Functions
 
        //- Return the region type
        inline regionTypes regionType() const noexcept;
 
        //- Return the output directory
        inline fileName outputDir() const;
 
        //- Read the function-object dictionary
        virtual bool read(const dictionary& dict);
 
        //- Write the function-object results
        virtual bool write();
 
        //- Update for changes of mesh
        virtual void updateMesh(const mapPolyMesh& mpm);
 
        //- Update for changes of mesh
        virtual void movePoints(const polyMesh& mesh);
};
 
 
//- Specialisation for scalar fields
template<>
scalar surfaceFieldValue::processValues
(
    const Field<scalar>& values,
    const vectorField& Sf,
    const scalarField& weightField
) const;
 
 
//- Specialisation for vector fields
template<>
vector surfaceFieldValue::processValues
(
    const Field<vector>& values,
    const vectorField& Sf,
    const scalarField& weightField
) const;
 
 
//- Specialisation for scalar - pass through
template<>
tmp<scalarField> surfaceFieldValue::weightingFactor
(
    const Field<scalar>& weightField,
    const bool useMag
);
 
//- Specialisation for scalar - pass through
template<>
tmp<scalarField> surfaceFieldValue::weightingFactor
(
    const Field<scalar>& weightField,
    const vectorField& Sf /* unused */,
    const bool useMag
);
 
//- Specialisation for scalar - scalar * Area
template<>
tmp<scalarField> surfaceFieldValue::areaWeightingFactor
(
    const Field<scalar>& weightField,
    const vectorField& Sf,
    const bool useMag
);
 
 
//- Specialisation for vector - vector (dot) unit-normal
template<>
tmp<scalarField> surfaceFieldValue::weightingFactor
(
    const Field<vector>& weightField,
    const vectorField& Sf,
    const bool useMag
);
 
//- Specialisation for vector - vector (dot) Area
template<>
tmp<scalarField> surfaceFieldValue::areaWeightingFactor
(
    const Field<vector>& weightField,
    const vectorField& Sf,
    const bool useMag
);
 
 
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
} // End namespace fieldValues
} // End namespace functionObjects
} // End namespace Foam
 
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
#include "surfaceFieldValueI.H"
 
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
#ifdef NoRepository
    #include "surfaceFieldValueTemplates.C"
#endif
 
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
#endif
 
// ************************************************************************* //