Particle-drag model wherein drag forces (per unit carrier-fluid velocity) are dynamically computed using empirical expressions based on their level of contamination. More...

#include <TomiyamaDragForce.H>

Inheritance diagram for TomiyamaDragForce< CloudType >:

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Public Types
enum	contaminationType : char { PURE = 0 , SLIGHT , FULL }
	Options for the contamination types. More...
Public Types inherited from ParticleForce< CloudType >
typedef VectorSpace< Vector< vector >, vector, 2 >	returnType
	Convenience typedef for return type.

Public Member Functions
	TypeName ("TomiyamaDrag")
	Runtime type information.
	TomiyamaDragForce (CloudType &owner, const fvMesh &mesh, const dictionary &dict)
	Construct from mesh.
	TomiyamaDragForce (const TomiyamaDragForce< CloudType > &df)
	Copy construct.
virtual autoPtr< ParticleForce< CloudType > >	clone () const
	Construct and return a clone.
void	operator= (const TomiyamaDragForce< CloudType > &)=delete
	No copy assignment.
virtual	~TomiyamaDragForce ()=default
	Destructor.
virtual forceSuSp	calcCoupled (const typename CloudType::parcelType &p, const typename CloudType::parcelType::trackingData &td, const scalar dt, const scalar mass, const scalar Re, const scalar muc) const
	Calculate the coupled force.
Public Member Functions inherited from ParticleForce< CloudType >
	TypeName ("particleForce")
	Runtime type information.
	declareRunTimeSelectionTable (autoPtr, ParticleForce, dictionary,(CloudType &owner, const fvMesh &mesh, const dictionary &dict),(owner, mesh, dict))
	Declare runtime constructor selection table.
	ParticleForce (CloudType &owner, const fvMesh &mesh, const dictionary &dict, const word &forceType, const bool readCoeffs)
	Construct from mesh.
	ParticleForce (const ParticleForce &pf)
	Construct copy.
virtual	~ParticleForce ()
	Destructor.
const CloudType &	owner () const noexcept
	Return const access to the cloud owner.
CloudType &	owner () noexcept
	Return reference to the cloud owner.
const fvMesh &	mesh () const noexcept
	Return the mesh database.
const dictionary &	coeffs () const noexcept
	Return the force coefficients dictionary.
virtual void	cacheFields (const bool store)
	Cache fields.
virtual forceSuSp	calcNonCoupled (const typename CloudType::parcelType &p, const typename CloudType::parcelType::trackingData &td, const scalar dt, const scalar mass, const scalar Re, const scalar muc) const
	Calculate the non-coupled force.
virtual scalar	massAdd (const typename CloudType::parcelType &p, const typename CloudType::parcelType::trackingData &td, const scalar mass) const
	Return the added mass.

Static Public Attributes
static const Enum< contaminationType >	contaminationTypeNames
	Names for the contaminationType options.

Additional Inherited Members
Static Public Member Functions inherited from ParticleForce< CloudType >
static autoPtr< ParticleForce< CloudType > >	New (CloudType &owner, const fvMesh &mesh, const dictionary &dict, const word &forceType)
	Selector.

Detailed Description

template<class CloudType>
class Foam::TomiyamaDragForce< CloudType >

Particle-drag model wherein drag forces (per unit carrier-fluid velocity) are dynamically computed using empirical expressions based on their level of contamination.

$\‍[ \mathrm{F}_\mathrm{D} = \frac{3}{4} \frac{\mu_c\,\mathrm{C}_\mathrm{D}\,\mathrm{Re}_p}{\rho_p \, d_p^2} \‍]$

For pure systems:

$\‍[ \mathrm{C}_\mathrm{D} = \max\left[ \min\left(\frac{16}{Re}(1+0.15Re^{0.687}), \frac{48}{Re}\right), \frac{8}{3}\frac{Eo}{Eo+4} \right] \‍]$

For slightly contaminated systems:

$\‍[ \mathrm{C}_\mathrm{D} = \max\left[ \min\left(\frac{24}{Re}(1+0.15Re^{0.687}), \frac{72}{Re}\right), \frac{8}{3}\frac{Eo}{Eo+4} \right] \‍]$

For fully contaminated systems:

$\‍[ \mathrm{C}_\mathrm{D} = \max\left[ \frac{24}{Re}(1+0.15Re^{0.687}), \frac{8}{3}\frac{Eo}{Eo+4} \right] \‍]$

where

$\mathrm{F}_\mathrm{D}$	=	Drag force per carrier-fluid velocity [kg/s]
$\mathrm{C}_\mathrm{D}$	=	Particle drag coefficient
$\mathrm{Re}_p$	=	Particle Reynolds number
$\rho_p$	=	Particle mass density
$\mu_c$	=	Dynamic viscosity of carrier at the cell occupying particle
	=	Particle diameter
$\rho_c$	=	Density of carrier at the cell occupying particle
$\mathbf{u}_\mathrm{rel}$	=	Relative velocity between particle and carrier
	=	Eotvos number

Constraints:

Applicable to bubbles with a spatially homogeneous distribution.

References:

        Tomiyama, A., Kataoka, I., Zun, I., & Sakaguchi, T. (1998).
        Drag coefficients of single bubbles under normal and micro gravity
        conditions.
        JSME International Journal Series B
        Fluids and Thermal Engineering, 41(2), 472-479.

Usage

Minimal example by using constant/<CloudProperties>:

subModels
{
    particleForces
    {
        tomiyamaDrag
        {
            // Mandatory entries
            sigma         <scalar>;
            contamination <word>;  // pure | slight | full
        }
    }
}

where the entries mean:

Property	Description	Type	Reqd	Deflt
`type`	Type name: tomiyamaDrag	word	yes	-
`sigma`	Surface tension	scalar	yes	-
`contamination`	Contamination type	word	yes	-

Options for the contamination entry:

      pure          | Pure systems
      slight        | Slightly contaminated systems
      full          | Fully contaminated systems

Note

$\mathrm{F}_\mathrm{D}$ is weighted with the particle mass/density at the stage of a function return, so that it can later be normalised with the effective mass, if necessary (e.g. when using virtual-mass forces).

Source files

Definition at line 207 of file TomiyamaDragForce.H.

Member Enumeration Documentation

◆ contaminationType

template<class CloudType>

enum contaminationType : char

Options for the contamination types.

Enumerator
PURE	"Pure systems"
SLIGHT	"Slightly contaminated systems"
FULL	"Fully contaminated systems"

Definition at line 218 of file TomiyamaDragForce.H.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ TomiyamaDragForce() [1/2]

template<class CloudType>

TomiyamaDragForce	(	CloudType &	owner,
		const fvMesh &	mesh,
		const dictionary &	dict )

Construct from mesh.

Definition at line 70 of file TomiyamaDragForce.C.

References ParticleForce< CloudType >::coeffs(), contaminationTypeNames, dict, Foam::GlobalIOList< Tuple2< scalar, vector > >::typeName, ParticleForce< CloudType >::mesh(), ParticleForce< CloudType >::owner(), and ParticleForce< CloudType >::ParticleForce().

Referenced by clone(), operator=(), TomiyamaDragForce(), and TypeName().

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◆ TomiyamaDragForce() [2/2]

template<class CloudType>

TomiyamaDragForce ( const TomiyamaDragForce< CloudType > & df )

Copy construct.

Definition at line 87 of file TomiyamaDragForce.C.

References ParticleForce< CloudType >::ParticleForce(), and TomiyamaDragForce().

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◆ ~TomiyamaDragForce()

template<class CloudType>

virtual ~TomiyamaDragForce ( )

virtualdefault

Destructor.

References p, Foam::Re(), and td().

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Member Function Documentation

◆ TypeName()

template<class CloudType>

TypeName ( "TomiyamaDrag" )

Runtime type information.

References dict, ParticleForce< CloudType >::mesh(), ParticleForce< CloudType >::owner(), and TomiyamaDragForce().

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◆ clone()

template<class CloudType>

virtual autoPtr< ParticleForce< CloudType > > clone ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Construct and return a clone.

Reimplemented from ParticleForce< CloudType >.

Definition at line 282 of file TomiyamaDragForce.H.

References TomiyamaDragForce().

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◆ operator=()

template<class CloudType>

void operator= ( const TomiyamaDragForce< CloudType > & )

delete

No copy assignment.

References TomiyamaDragForce().

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◆ calcCoupled()

template<class CloudType>

Foam::forceSuSp calcCoupled	(	const typename CloudType::parcelType &	p,
		const typename CloudType::parcelType::trackingData &	td,
		const scalar	dt,
		const scalar	mass,
		const scalar	Re,
		const scalar	muc ) const

virtual

Calculate the coupled force.

Reimplemented from ParticleForce< CloudType >.

Definition at line 101 of file TomiyamaDragForce.C.

References Foam::max(), p, Foam::Re(), Foam::sqr(), td(), and Foam::Zero.

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Member Data Documentation

◆ contaminationTypeNames

template<class CloudType>

const Foam::Enum< typename Foam::TomiyamaDragForce< CloudType >::contaminationType > contaminationTypeNames

static

Initial value:

{
    { contaminationType::PURE, "pure" },
    { contaminationType::SLIGHT, "slight" },
    { contaminationType::FULL, "full" },
}

Names for the contaminationType options.

Definition at line 228 of file TomiyamaDragForce.H.

Referenced by TomiyamaDragForce().

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/ParticleForces/TomiyamaDrag/TomiyamaDragForce.H
src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/ParticleForces/TomiyamaDrag/TomiyamaDragForce.C

Public Types

Public Member Functions

Static Public Attributes

Additional Inherited Members

Detailed Description

Member Enumeration Documentation

◆ contaminationType

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ TomiyamaDragForce() [1/2]

◆ TomiyamaDragForce() [2/2]

◆ ~TomiyamaDragForce()

Member Function Documentation

◆ TypeName()

◆ clone()

◆ operator=()

◆ calcCoupled()

Member Data Documentation

◆ contaminationTypeNames