Particle-drag model wherein drag forces (per unit carrier-fluid velocity) are dynamically computed based on the Wen-Yu drag model. More...

#include <WenYuDragForce.H>

Inheritance diagram for WenYuDragForce< CloudType >:

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Public Member Functions
	TypeName ("WenYuDrag")
	Runtime type information.
	WenYuDragForce (CloudType &owner, const fvMesh &mesh, const dictionary &dict)
	Construct from mesh.
	WenYuDragForce (const WenYuDragForce< CloudType > &df)
	Construct copy.
virtual autoPtr< ParticleForce< CloudType > >	clone () const
	Construct and return a clone.
void	operator= (const WenYuDragForce< CloudType > &)=delete
	No copy assignment.
virtual	~WenYuDragForce ()=default
	Destructor.
virtual forceSuSp	calcCoupled (const typename CloudType::parcelType &p, const typename CloudType::parcelType::trackingData &td, const scalar dt, const scalar mass, const scalar Re, const scalar muc) const
	Calculate the coupled force.
Public Member Functions inherited from ParticleForce< CloudType >
	TypeName ("particleForce")
	Runtime type information.
	declareRunTimeSelectionTable (autoPtr, ParticleForce, dictionary,(CloudType &owner, const fvMesh &mesh, const dictionary &dict),(owner, mesh, dict))
	Declare runtime constructor selection table.
	ParticleForce (CloudType &owner, const fvMesh &mesh, const dictionary &dict, const word &forceType, const bool readCoeffs)
	Construct from mesh.
	ParticleForce (const ParticleForce &pf)
	Construct copy.
virtual	~ParticleForce ()
	Destructor.
const CloudType &	owner () const noexcept
	Return const access to the cloud owner.
CloudType &	owner () noexcept
	Return reference to the cloud owner.
const fvMesh &	mesh () const noexcept
	Return the mesh database.
const dictionary &	coeffs () const noexcept
	Return the force coefficients dictionary.
virtual void	cacheFields (const bool store)
	Cache fields.
virtual forceSuSp	calcNonCoupled (const typename CloudType::parcelType &p, const typename CloudType::parcelType::trackingData &td, const scalar dt, const scalar mass, const scalar Re, const scalar muc) const
	Calculate the non-coupled force.
virtual scalar	massAdd (const typename CloudType::parcelType &p, const typename CloudType::parcelType::trackingData &td, const scalar mass) const
	Return the added mass.

Additional Inherited Members
Public Types inherited from ParticleForce< CloudType >
typedef VectorSpace< Vector< vector >, vector, 2 >	returnType
	Convenience typedef for return type.
Static Public Member Functions inherited from ParticleForce< CloudType >
static autoPtr< ParticleForce< CloudType > >	New (CloudType &owner, const fvMesh &mesh, const dictionary &dict, const word &forceType)
	Selector.

Detailed Description

template<class CloudType>
class Foam::WenYuDragForce< CloudType >

Particle-drag model wherein drag forces (per unit carrier-fluid velocity) are dynamically computed based on the Wen-Yu drag model.

$\‍[ \mathrm{F}_\mathrm{D} = \frac{3}{4} \frac{(1 - \alpha_c) \, \mu_c \, \alpha_c \, \mathrm{Re}_p }{d_p^2} \mathrm{C}_\mathrm{D} \, \alpha_c^{-2.65} \‍]$

with

$\‍[ \mathrm{C}_\mathrm{D} = \frac{24}{\alpha_c \, \mathrm{Re}_p} \left(1 + \frac{1}{6}(\alpha_c \, \mathrm{Re}_p)^{2/3} \right) \quad \mathrm{if} \quad \alpha_c \, \mathrm{Re}_p < 1000 \‍]$

$\‍[ \mathrm{C}_\mathrm{D} = 0.44 \quad \mathrm{if} \quad \alpha_c \, \mathrm{Re}_p \geq 1000 \‍]$

and

$\‍[ \mathrm{Re}_p = \frac{\rho_c \, | \mathbf{u}_\mathrm{rel} | \, d_p}{\mu_c} \‍]$

where

$\mathrm{F}_\mathrm{D}$	=	Drag force per carrier-fluid velocity [kg/s]
$\mathrm{C}_\mathrm{D}$	=	Particle drag coefficient
$\mathrm{Re}_p$	=	Particle Reynolds number
$\mu_c$	=	Dynamic viscosity of carrier at the cell occupying particle
	=	Particle diameter
$\rho_c$	=	Density of carrier at the cell occupying particle
$\mathbf{u}_\mathrm{rel}$	=	Relative velocity between particle and carrier
$\alpha_c$	=	Volume fraction of the carrier fluid

References:

        Standard model:
            Wen, C. Y., & Yu, Y. H., (1966).
            Mechanics of fluidization.
            Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Ser. 62, 100-111.

        Drag-coefficient model:
            Schiller, L., & Naumann, A. (1935).
            Über die grundlegenden Berechnungen bei der Schwerkraftaufbereitung.
            Z. Ver. Dtsch. Ing., 77: 318–326.

        Expressions (tags:ZZB, GLSLR), (Eq.13-14, Table 3):
            Zhou, L., Zhang, L., Bai, L., Shi, W.,
            Li, W., Wang, C., & Agarwal, R. (2017).
            Experimental study and transient CFD/DEM simulation in
            a fluidized bed based on different drag models.
            RSC advances, 7(21), 12764-12774.
            DOI:10.1039/C6RA28615A

            Gao, X., Li, T., Sarkar, A., Lu, L., & Rogers, W. A. (2018).
            Development and validation of an enhanced filtered drag model
            for simulating gas-solid fluidization of Geldart A particles
            in all flow regimes.
            Chemical Engineering Science, 184, 33-51.
            DOI:10.1016/j.ces.2018.03.038

Usage

Minimal example by using constant/<CloudProperties>:

subModels
{
    particleForces
    {
        WenYuDrag
        {
            alphac    <alphacName>; // e.g. alpha.air
        }
    }
}

where the entries mean:

Property	Description	Type	Reqd	Deflt
`type`	Type name: WenYuDrag	word	yes	-
`alphac`	Name of carrier fluid	word	yes	-

Note

$\mathrm{F}_\mathrm{D}$ is weighted with the particle mass/density at the stage of a function return, so that it can later be normalised with the effective mass, if necessary (e.g. when using virtual-mass forces).

Source files

Definition at line 194 of file WenYuDragForce.H.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ WenYuDragForce() [1/2]

template<class CloudType>

WenYuDragForce	(	CloudType &	owner,
		const fvMesh &	mesh,
		const dictionary &	dict )

Construct from mesh.

Definition at line 42 of file WenYuDragForce.C.

References ParticleForce< CloudType >::coeffs(), dict, Foam::GlobalIOList< Tuple2< scalar, vector > >::typeName, ParticleForce< CloudType >::mesh(), ParticleForce< CloudType >::owner(), and ParticleForce< CloudType >::ParticleForce().

Referenced by clone(), operator=(), TypeName(), and WenYuDragForce().

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◆ WenYuDragForce() [2/2]

template<class CloudType>

WenYuDragForce ( const WenYuDragForce< CloudType > & df )

Construct copy.

Definition at line 61 of file WenYuDragForce.C.

References ParticleForce< CloudType >::coeffs(), ParticleForce< CloudType >::mesh(), ParticleForce< CloudType >::ParticleForce(), and WenYuDragForce().

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◆ ~WenYuDragForce()

template<class CloudType>

virtual ~WenYuDragForce ( )

virtualdefault

Destructor.

References p, Foam::Re(), and td().

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Member Function Documentation

◆ TypeName()

template<class CloudType>

TypeName ( "WenYuDrag" )

Runtime type information.

References dict, ParticleForce< CloudType >::mesh(), ParticleForce< CloudType >::owner(), and WenYuDragForce().

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◆ clone()

template<class CloudType>

virtual autoPtr< ParticleForce< CloudType > > clone ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Construct and return a clone.

Reimplemented from ParticleForce< CloudType >.

Definition at line 242 of file WenYuDragForce.H.

References WenYuDragForce().

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◆ operator=()

template<class CloudType>

void operator= ( const WenYuDragForce< CloudType > & )

delete

No copy assignment.

References WenYuDragForce().

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◆ calcCoupled()

template<class CloudType>

Foam::forceSuSp calcCoupled	(	const typename CloudType::parcelType &	p,
		const typename CloudType::parcelType::trackingData &	td,
		const scalar	dt,
		const scalar	mass,
		const scalar	Re,
		const scalar	muc ) const

virtual

Calculate the coupled force.

Reimplemented from ParticleForce< CloudType >.

Definition at line 80 of file WenYuDragForce.C.

References p, Foam::pow(), Foam::Re(), Foam::sqr(), td(), and Foam::Zero.

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The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/ParticleForces/Drag/WenYuDrag/WenYuDragForce.H
src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/ParticleForces/Drag/WenYuDrag/WenYuDragForce.C

Public Member Functions

Additional Inherited Members

Detailed Description

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ WenYuDragForce() [1/2]

◆ WenYuDragForce() [2/2]

◆ ~WenYuDragForce()

Member Function Documentation

◆ TypeName()

◆ clone()

◆ operator=()

◆ calcCoupled()