Considering the Hertz Knudsen formula, which gives the evaporation-condensation flux based on the kinetic theory for flat interface: More...

#include <kineticGasEvaporation.H>

Inheritance diagram for kineticGasEvaporation< Thermo, OtherThermo >:

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Collaboration diagram for kineticGasEvaporation< Thermo, OtherThermo >:

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Public Member Functions
	TypeName ("kineticGasEvaporation")
	Runtime type information.
	kineticGasEvaporation (const dictionary &dict, const phasePair &pair)
	Construct from components.
virtual	~kineticGasEvaporation ()=default
	Destructor.
virtual tmp< volScalarField >	Kexp (const volScalarField &field)
	Explicit total mass transfer coefficient.
virtual tmp< volScalarField >	KSp (label modelVariable, const volScalarField &field)
	Implicit mass transfer coefficient.
virtual tmp< volScalarField >	KSu (label modelVariable, const volScalarField &field)
	Explicit mass transfer coefficient.
virtual const dimensionedScalar &	Tactivate () const noexcept
	Return Tactivate.
virtual bool	includeDivU () const noexcept
	Add/subtract alpha*div(U) as a source term for alpha, substituting div(U) = mDot(1/rho1 - 1/rho2).
Public Member Functions inherited from InterfaceCompositionModel< Thermo, OtherThermo >
	InterfaceCompositionModel (const dictionary &dict, const phasePair &pair)
	Construct from components.
virtual	~InterfaceCompositionModel ()=default
	Destructor.
virtual tmp< volScalarField >	dY (const word &speciesName, const volScalarField &Tf) const
	Mass fraction difference between the interface and the field.
virtual tmp< volScalarField >	Yf (const word &speciesName, const volScalarField &Tf) const
	Reference mass fraction for species based models.
virtual tmp< volScalarField >	Dfrom (const word &speciesName) const
	Specie mass diffusivity for pure mixture.
virtual tmp< volScalarField >	Dto (const word &speciesName) const
	Specie mass diffusivity for specie in a multicomponent.
virtual tmp< volScalarField >	L (const word &speciesName, const volScalarField &Tf) const
	Latent heat (to - from)(thermo - otherThermo).
	InterfaceCompositionModel (const dictionary &dict, const phasePair &pair)
	Construct from components.
	~InterfaceCompositionModel ()=default
	Destructor.
virtual tmp< volScalarField >	dY (const word &speciesName, const volScalarField &Tf) const
	Mass fraction difference between the interface and the field.
virtual tmp< volScalarField >	D (const word &speciesName) const
	Mass diffusivity.
virtual tmp< volScalarField >	L (const word &speciesName, const volScalarField &Tf) const
	Latent heat.
virtual void	addMDotL (const volScalarField &K, const volScalarField &Tf, volScalarField &mDotL, volScalarField &mDotLPrime) const
	Add latent heat flow rate to total.
template<class ThermoType>
const Foam::multiComponentMixture< ThermoType >::thermoType &	getLocalThermo (const word &speciesName, const multiComponentMixture< ThermoType > &globalThermo) const
template<class ThermoType>
const Foam::pureMixture< ThermoType >::thermoType &	getLocalThermo (const word &speciesName, const pureMixture< ThermoType > &globalThermo) const
template<class ThermoType>
Foam::tmp< Foam::volScalarField >	getSpecieMassFraction (const word &speciesName, const multiComponentMixture< ThermoType > &mixture) const
template<class ThermoType>
Foam::tmp< Foam::volScalarField >	getSpecieMassFraction (const word &speciesName, const pureMixture< ThermoType > &mixture) const
template<class ThermoType>
Foam::tmp< Foam::volScalarField >	MwMixture (const pureMixture< ThermoType > &mixture) const
template<class ThermoType>
Foam::tmp< Foam::volScalarField >	MwMixture (const multiComponentMixture< ThermoType > &mixture) const
Public Member Functions inherited from interfaceCompositionModel
	TypeName ("interfaceCompositionModel")
	Runtime type information.
	declareRunTimeSelectionTable (autoPtr, interfaceCompositionModel, dictionary,(const dictionary &dict, const phasePair &pair),(dict, pair))
	interfaceCompositionModel (const dictionary &dict, const phasePair &pair)
	Construct from a dictionary and a phase pair.
virtual	~interfaceCompositionModel ()=default
	Destructor.
const word	transferSpecie () const
	Return the transferring species name.
const phasePair &	pair () const
	The phase pair.
const multiphaseInterSystem &	fluid () const
	Return the multiphaseInterSystem this interface belongs to.
bool	includeVolChange ()
	Add volume change in pEq.
const word &	variable () const
	Returns the variable on which the model is based.

Additional Inherited Members
Public Types inherited from interfaceCompositionModel
enum	modelVariable { T , P , Y , alpha }
	Enumeration for variable based mass transfer models. More...
Static Public Member Functions inherited from interfaceCompositionModel
static autoPtr< interfaceCompositionModel >	New (const dictionary &dict, const phasePair &pair)
Protected Member Functions inherited from InterfaceCompositionModel< Thermo, OtherThermo >
template<class ThermoType>
const pureMixture< ThermoType >::thermoType &	getLocalThermo (const word &speciesName, const pureMixture< ThermoType > &globalThermo) const
	Get a reference to the local thermo for a pure mixture.
template<class ThermoType>
const multiComponentMixture< ThermoType >::thermoType &	getLocalThermo (const word &speciesName, const multiComponentMixture< ThermoType > &globalThermo) const
	Get a reference to the local thermo for a multi component mixture.
template<class ThermoType>
tmp< volScalarField >	getSpecieMassFraction (const word &speciesName, const pureMixture< ThermoType > &thermo) const
	Return mass fraction for a pureMixture equal to one.
template<class ThermoType>
tmp< volScalarField >	getSpecieMassFraction (const word &speciesName, const multiComponentMixture< ThermoType > &thermo) const
	Return mass fraction for speciesName.
template<class ThermoType>
tmp< volScalarField >	MwMixture (const pureMixture< ThermoType > &thermo) const
	Return moleculas weight of the mixture for pureMixture [Kg/mol].
template<class ThermoType>
tmp< volScalarField >	MwMixture (const multiComponentMixture< ThermoType > &) const
	Return moleculas weight of the mixture for multiComponentMixture.
template<class ThermoType>
const pureMixture< ThermoType >::thermoType &	getLocalThermo (const word &speciesName, const pureMixture< ThermoType > &globalThermo) const
	Get a reference to the local thermo for a pure mixture.
template<class ThermoType>
const multiComponentMixture< ThermoType >::thermoType &	getLocalThermo (const word &speciesName, const multiComponentMixture< ThermoType > &globalThermo) const
	Get a reference to the local thermo for a multi component mixture.
Protected Attributes inherited from InterfaceCompositionModel< Thermo, OtherThermo >
const Thermo &	fromThermo_
	Thermo (from).
const OtherThermo &	toThermo_
	Other Thermo (to).
const dimensionedScalar	Le_
	Lewis number.
const Thermo &	thermo_
	Thermo.
const OtherThermo &	otherThermo_
	Other Thermo.
Protected Attributes inherited from interfaceCompositionModel
modelVariable	modelVariable_
	Enumeration for the model variable.
bool	includeVolChange_
	Add volume change in pEq.
const phasePair &	pair_
	Phase pair.
word	speciesName_
	Names of the transferring specie.
const fvMesh &	mesh_
	Reference to mesh.
Static Protected Attributes inherited from interfaceCompositionModel
static const Enum< modelVariable >	modelVariableNames_
	Selection names for the modelVariable.

Detailed Description

template<class Thermo, class OtherThermo>
class Foam::meltingEvaporationModels::kineticGasEvaporation< Thermo, OtherThermo >

Considering the Hertz Knudsen formula, which gives the evaporation-condensation flux based on the kinetic theory for flat interface:

$\‍[ Flux = C \sqrt{\frac{M}{2 \pi R T_{activate}}}(p - p_{sat}) \‍]$

where:

	=	mass flux rate [kg/s/m2]
	=	molecular weight
$T_{activate}$	=	saturation temperature
	=	accommodation coefficient
	=	universal gas constant
$p_{sat}$	=	saturation pressure
	=	vapor partial pressure

The Clapeyron-Clausius equation relates the pressure to the temperature for the saturation condition:

$\‍[ \frac{dp}{dT} = - \frac{L}{T (\nu_v - \nu_l)} \‍]$

where:

	=	latent heat
$\nu_v$	=	inverse of the vapor density
$\nu_l$	=	inverse of the liquid density

Using the above relations:

$\‍[ Flux = 2 \frac{C}{2 - C} \sqrt{\frac{M}{2 \pi R {T_activate}^3}} L (\rho_{v}) (T - T_{activate}) \‍]$

This assumes liquid and vapour are in equilibrium, then the accommodation coefficient are equivalent for the interface. This relation is known as the Hertz-Knudsen-Schrage.

Based on the reference:

Van P. Carey, Liquid-Vapor Phase Change Phenomena, ISBN 0-89116836, 1992, pp. 112-121.

Usage

Example usage:

massTransferModel
(
    (liquid to gas)
    {
        type                kineticGasEvaporation;
        species             vapour.gas;
        C                   0.1;
        isoAlpha            0.1;
        Tactivate           373;
    }
);

where:

Property	Description	Required	Default value
`C`	Coefficient (C > 0 for evaporation, C < 0 for
`condensation`)	yes
`includeVolChange`	Volumen change	no	yes
`isoAlpha`	iso-alpha for interface	no	0.5
`Tactivate`	Saturation temperature	yes
`species`	Specie name on the other phase	no	none

Source files

Definition at line 201 of file kineticGasEvaporation.H.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ kineticGasEvaporation()

template<class Thermo, class OtherThermo>

kineticGasEvaporation	(	const dictionary &	dict,
		const phasePair &	pair )

Construct from components.

Definition at line 65 of file kineticGasEvaporation.C.

References Foam::abort(), dict, Foam::dimArea, Foam::dimDensity, Foam::dimLength, Foam::dimless, Foam::dimMass, Foam::dimMoles, Foam::dimTemperature, Foam::dimTime, e, Foam::FatalError, FatalErrorInFunction, InterfaceCompositionModel< Thermo, OtherThermo >::getLocalThermo(), InterfaceCompositionModel< Thermo, OtherThermo >::InterfaceCompositionModel(), IOobject::member(), interfaceCompositionModel::mesh_, interfaceCompositionModel::pair(), timeName, InterfaceCompositionModel< Thermo, OtherThermo >::toThermo_, interfaceCompositionModel::transferSpecie(), and Foam::Zero.

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◆ ~kineticGasEvaporation()

template<class Thermo, class OtherThermo>

virtual ~kineticGasEvaporation ( )

virtualdefault

Destructor.

References field().

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Member Function Documentation

◆ TypeName()

template<class Thermo, class OtherThermo>

TypeName ( "kineticGasEvaporation< Thermo, OtherThermo >" )

Runtime type information.

References dict, and interfaceCompositionModel::pair().

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◆ Kexp()

template<class Thermo, class OtherThermo>

Foam::tmp< Foam::volScalarField > Kexp ( const volScalarField & field )

virtual

Explicit total mass transfer coefficient.

Implements interfaceCompositionModel.

Definition at line 143 of file kineticGasEvaporation.C.

References Foam::dimDensity, Foam::dimTemperature, InterfaceCompositionModel< Thermo, OtherThermo >::L(), L, Foam::mag(), Foam::max(), IOobject::member(), mesh, interfaceCompositionModel::mesh_, GeometricField< scalar, fvPatchField, volMesh >::New(), tmp< T >::New(), IOobjectOption::NO_REGISTER, interfaceCompositionModel::pair(), Foam::constant::mathematical::pi(), Foam::pow3(), Foam::constant::physicoChemical::R, Foam::sign(), Foam::sqrt(), interfaceCompositionModel::T, T0, interfaceCompositionModel::transferSpecie(), and Foam::Zero.

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◆ KSp()

template<class Thermo, class OtherThermo>

Foam::tmp< Foam::volScalarField > KSp	(	label	modelVariable,
		const volScalarField &	field )

virtual

Implicit mass transfer coefficient.

Implements interfaceCompositionModel.

Definition at line 204 of file kineticGasEvaporation.C.

References interfaceCompositionModel::modelVariable_, Foam::pos(), Foam::sign(), and interfaceCompositionModel::variable().

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◆ KSu()

template<class Thermo, class OtherThermo>

Foam::tmp< Foam::volScalarField > KSu	(	label	modelVariable,
		const volScalarField &	field )

virtual

Explicit mass transfer coefficient.

Implements interfaceCompositionModel.

Definition at line 230 of file kineticGasEvaporation.C.

References interfaceCompositionModel::modelVariable_, Foam::pos(), Foam::sign(), and interfaceCompositionModel::variable().

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◆ Tactivate()

template<class Thermo, class OtherThermo>

virtual const dimensionedScalar & Tactivate ( ) const

inlinevirtualnoexcept

Return Tactivate.

Implements interfaceCompositionModel.

Definition at line 308 of file kineticGasEvaporation.H.

References Foam::noexcept.

◆ includeDivU()

template<class Thermo, class OtherThermo>

virtual bool includeDivU ( ) const

inlinevirtualnoexcept

Add/subtract alpha*div(U) as a source term for alpha, substituting div(U) = mDot(1/rho1 - 1/rho2).

Reimplemented from interfaceCompositionModel.

Definition at line 317 of file kineticGasEvaporation.H.

References Foam::noexcept.

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

src/phaseSystemModels/multiphaseInter/phasesSystem/massTransferModels/kineticGasEvaporation/kineticGasEvaporation.H
src/phaseSystemModels/multiphaseInter/phasesSystem/massTransferModels/kineticGasEvaporation/kineticGasEvaporation.C

Public Member Functions

Additional Inherited Members

Detailed Description

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ kineticGasEvaporation()

◆ ~kineticGasEvaporation()

Member Function Documentation

◆ TypeName()

◆ Kexp()

◆ KSp()

◆ KSu()

◆ Tactivate()

◆ includeDivU()