Particle-drag model wherein drag forces (per unit carrier-fluid velocity) are dynamically computed by using sphereDrag model; however, are corrected for particle distortion by linearly varying the drag between of a sphere (i.e. sphereDrag) and a value of 1.54 corresponding to a disk. More...

#include <DistortedSphereDragForce.H>

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Public Member Functions
	TypeName ("distortedSphereDrag")
	Runtime type information.
	DistortedSphereDragForce (CloudType &owner, const fvMesh &mesh, const dictionary &dict)
	Construct from mesh.
	DistortedSphereDragForce (const DistortedSphereDragForce< CloudType > &df)
	Construct copy.
virtual autoPtr< ParticleForce< CloudType > >	clone () const
	Construct and return a clone.
void	operator= (const DistortedSphereDragForce< CloudType > &)=delete
	No copy assignment.
virtual	~DistortedSphereDragForce ()=default
	Destructor.
virtual forceSuSp	calcCoupled (const typename CloudType::parcelType &p, const typename CloudType::parcelType::trackingData &td, const scalar dt, const scalar mass, const scalar Re, const scalar muc) const
	Calculate the coupled force.
Public Member Functions inherited from ParticleForce< CloudType >
	TypeName ("particleForce")
	Runtime type information.
	declareRunTimeSelectionTable (autoPtr, ParticleForce, dictionary,(CloudType &owner, const fvMesh &mesh, const dictionary &dict),(owner, mesh, dict))
	Declare runtime constructor selection table.
	ParticleForce (CloudType &owner, const fvMesh &mesh, const dictionary &dict, const word &forceType, const bool readCoeffs)
	Construct from mesh.
	ParticleForce (const ParticleForce &pf)
	Construct copy.
virtual	~ParticleForce ()
	Destructor.
const CloudType &	owner () const noexcept
	Return const access to the cloud owner.
CloudType &	owner () noexcept
	Return reference to the cloud owner.
const fvMesh &	mesh () const noexcept
	Return the mesh database.
const dictionary &	coeffs () const noexcept
	Return the force coefficients dictionary.
virtual void	cacheFields (const bool store)
	Cache fields.
virtual forceSuSp	calcNonCoupled (const typename CloudType::parcelType &p, const typename CloudType::parcelType::trackingData &td, const scalar dt, const scalar mass, const scalar Re, const scalar muc) const
	Calculate the non-coupled force.
virtual scalar	massAdd (const typename CloudType::parcelType &p, const typename CloudType::parcelType::trackingData &td, const scalar mass) const
	Return the added mass.

Additional Inherited Members
Public Types inherited from ParticleForce< CloudType >
typedef VectorSpace< Vector< vector >, vector, 2 >	returnType
	Convenience typedef for return type.
Static Public Member Functions inherited from ParticleForce< CloudType >
static autoPtr< ParticleForce< CloudType > >	New (CloudType &owner, const fvMesh &mesh, const dictionary &dict, const word &forceType)
	Selector.

Detailed Description

template<class CloudType>
class Foam::DistortedSphereDragForce< CloudType >

Particle-drag model wherein drag forces (per unit carrier-fluid velocity) are dynamically computed by using sphereDrag model; however, are corrected for particle distortion by linearly varying the drag between of a sphere (i.e. sphereDrag) and a value of 1.54 corresponding to a disk.

$\‍[ \mathrm{F}_\mathrm{D} = \frac{3}{4} \frac{\mu_c\,\mathrm{C}_\mathrm{D}\,\mathrm{Re}_p}{\rho_p \, d_p^2} \‍]$

with

$\‍[ \mathrm{C}_\mathrm{D} = \mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{D, sphere}} \left( 1 + 2.632 y \right) \‍]$

where

$\mathrm{F}_\mathrm{D}$	=	Drag force per carrier-fluid velocity [kg/s]
$\mathrm{C}_\mathrm{D}$	=	Particle drag coefficient
$\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{D, sphere}}$	=	Sphere drag coefficient
$\mathrm{Re}_p$	=	Particle Reynolds number
$\rho_p$	=	Particle mass density
	=	Particle diameter
	=	Level of distortion determined by other models internally

Constraints:

Applicable to particles with a spatially homogeneous distribution.
$1 \geq y \geq 0$

References:

        Standard model:
            Putnam, A. (1961).
            Integratable form of droplet drag coefficient.
            ARS Journal, 31(10), 1467-1468.

        Standard model (tag:AOB):
            Amsden, A. A., O'Rourke, P. J., & Butler, T. D. (1989).
            KIVA-II: A computer program for chemically
            reactive flows with sprays (No. LA-11560-MS).
            Los Alamos National Lab.(LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States).
            DOI:10.2172/6228444

        Expression correcting drag for particle distortion (tag:LMR):
            Liu, A. B., Mather, D., & Reitz, R. D. (1993).
            Modeling the effects of drop drag
            and breakup on fuel sprays.
            SAE Transactions, 83-95.
            DOI:10.4271/930072

Usage

Minimal example by using constant/<CloudProperties>:

subModels
{
    particleForces
    {
        distortedSphereDrag;
    }
}

where the entries mean:

Property	Description	Type	Reqd	Deflt
`type`	Type name: distortedSphereDrag	word	yes	-

Note

$\mathrm{F}_\mathrm{D}$ is weighted with the particle mass at the stage of a function return, so that it can later be normalised with the effective mass, if necessary (e.g. when using virtual-mass forces).

See also

Foam::SphereDragForce

Source files

Definition at line 168 of file DistortedSphereDragForce.H.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ DistortedSphereDragForce() [1/2]

template<class CloudType>

DistortedSphereDragForce	(	CloudType &	owner,
		const fvMesh &	mesh,
		const dictionary &	dict )

Construct from mesh.

Definition at line 45 of file DistortedSphereDragForce.C.

References dict, Foam::GlobalIOList< Tuple2< scalar, vector > >::typeName, ParticleForce< CloudType >::mesh(), ParticleForce< CloudType >::owner(), and ParticleForce< CloudType >::ParticleForce().

Referenced by clone(), DistortedSphereDragForce(), operator=(), and TypeName().

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◆ DistortedSphereDragForce() [2/2]

template<class CloudType>

DistortedSphereDragForce ( const DistortedSphereDragForce< CloudType > & df )

Construct copy.

Definition at line 57 of file DistortedSphereDragForce.C.

References DistortedSphereDragForce(), and ParticleForce< CloudType >::ParticleForce().

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◆ ~DistortedSphereDragForce()

template<class CloudType>

virtual ~DistortedSphereDragForce ( )

virtualdefault

Destructor.

References p, Foam::Re(), and td().

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Member Function Documentation

◆ TypeName()

template<class CloudType>

TypeName ( "distortedSphereDrag" )

Runtime type information.

References dict, DistortedSphereDragForce(), ParticleForce< CloudType >::mesh(), and ParticleForce< CloudType >::owner().

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◆ clone()

template<class CloudType>

virtual autoPtr< ParticleForce< CloudType > > clone ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Construct and return a clone.

Reimplemented from ParticleForce< CloudType >.

Definition at line 208 of file DistortedSphereDragForce.H.

References DistortedSphereDragForce().

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◆ operator=()

template<class CloudType>

void operator= ( const DistortedSphereDragForce< CloudType > & )

delete

No copy assignment.

References DistortedSphereDragForce().

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◆ calcCoupled()

template<class CloudType>

Foam::forceSuSp calcCoupled	(	const typename CloudType::parcelType &	p,
		const typename CloudType::parcelType::trackingData &	td,
		const scalar	dt,
		const scalar	mass,
		const scalar	Re,
		const scalar	muc ) const

virtual

Calculate the coupled force.

Reimplemented from ParticleForce< CloudType >.

Definition at line 69 of file DistortedSphereDragForce.C.

References Foam::clamp(), p, Foam::Re(), Foam::sqr(), td(), y, and Foam::Zero.

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The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/ParticleForces/Drag/DistortedSphereDrag/DistortedSphereDragForce.H
src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/ParticleForces/Drag/DistortedSphereDrag/DistortedSphereDragForce.C

Public Member Functions

Additional Inherited Members

Detailed Description

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ DistortedSphereDragForce() [1/2]

◆ DistortedSphereDragForce() [2/2]

◆ ~DistortedSphereDragForce()

Member Function Documentation

◆ TypeName()

◆ clone()

◆ operator=()

◆ calcCoupled()