extrudeToRegionMesh.C

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/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
  =========                 |
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
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    \\  /    A nd           | www.openfoam.com
     \\/     M anipulation  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
    Copyright (C) 2015-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
 
    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.
 
    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
    for more details.
 
    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
Application
    extrudeToRegionMesh
 
Group
    grpMeshGenerationUtilities
 
Description
    Extrude faceZones (internal or boundary faces) or faceSets (boundary faces
    only) into a separate mesh (as a different region).
 
    - used to e.g. extrude baffles (extrude internal faces) or create
    liquid film regions.
    - if extruding internal faces:
        - create baffles in original mesh with mappedWall patches
    - if extruding boundary faces:
        - convert boundary faces to mappedWall patches
    - extrude edges of faceZone as a <zone>_sidePatch
    - extrude edges inbetween different faceZones as a
      (nonuniformTransform)cyclic <zoneA>_<zoneB>
    - extrudes into master direction (i.e. away from the owner cell
      if flipMap is false)
 
\verbatim
 
Internal face extrusion
-----------------------
 
    +-------------+
    |             |
    |             |
    +---AAAAAAA---+
    |             |
    |             |
    +-------------+
 
    AAA=faceZone to extrude.
 
 
For the case of no flipMap the extrusion starts at owner and extrudes
into the space of the neighbour:
 
      +CCCCCCC+
      |       |         <= extruded mesh
      +BBBBBBB+
 
    +-------------+
    |             |
    | (neighbour) |
    |___CCCCCCC___|       <= original mesh (with 'baffles' added)
    |   BBBBBBB   |
    |(owner side) |
    |             |
    +-------------+
 
    BBB=mapped between owner on original mesh and new extrusion.
        (zero offset)
    CCC=mapped between neighbour on original mesh and new extrusion
        (offset due to the thickness of the extruded mesh)
 
For the case of flipMap the extrusion is the other way around: from the
neighbour side into the owner side.
 
 
Boundary face extrusion
-----------------------
 
    +--AAAAAAA--+
    |           |
    |           |
    +-----------+
 
    AAA=faceZone to extrude. E.g. slave side is owner side (no flipmap)
 
becomes
 
      +CCCCCCC+
      |       |         <= extruded mesh
      +BBBBBBB+
 
    +--BBBBBBB--+
    |           |       <= original mesh
    |           |
    +-----------+
 
    BBB=mapped between original mesh and new extrusion
    CCC=polypatch
 
 
Notes:
    - when extruding cyclics with only one cell inbetween it does not
      detect this as a cyclic since the face is the same face. It will
      only work if the coupled edge extrudes a different face so if there
      are more than 1 cell inbetween.
 
\endverbatim
 
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
#include "argList.H"
#include "fvMesh.H"
#include "polyTopoChange.H"
#include "OFstream.H"
#include "meshTools.H"
#include "mappedWallPolyPatch.H"
#include "createShellMesh.H"
#include "syncTools.H"
#include "cyclicPolyPatch.H"
#include "wedgePolyPatch.H"
#include "nonuniformTransformCyclicPolyPatch.H"
#include "extrudeModel.H"
#include "globalIndex.H"
#include "faceSet.H"
 
#include "volFields.H"
#include "surfaceFields.H"
#include "pointFields.H"
//#include "ReadFields.H"
#include "fvMeshTools.H"
#include "OBJstream.H"
#include "PatchTools.H"
#include "processorMeshes.H"
 
using namespace Foam;
 
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
label findPatchID(const UList<polyPatch*>& newPatches, const word& name)
{
    forAll(newPatches, i)
    {
        if (newPatches[i]->name() == name)
        {
            return i;
        }
    }
    return -1;
}
 
 
#ifdef FULLDEBUG
void printPatches(Ostream& os, const UList<polyPatch*>& newPatches)
{
    for (const polyPatch* ppPtr : newPatches)
    {
        const polyPatch& pp = *ppPtr;
        os  << "    name:" << pp.name() << " index:" << pp.index()
            << " start:" << pp.start() << " size:" << pp.size()
            << " type:" << pp.type() << nl;
    }
}
#endif
 
 
template<class PatchType>
label addPatch
(
    const polyBoundaryMesh& patches,
    const word& patchName,
    DynamicList<polyPatch*>& newPatches
)
{
    label patchi = findPatchID(newPatches, patchName);
 
    if (patchi != -1)
    {
        if (isA<PatchType>(*newPatches[patchi]))
        {
            // Already there
            return patchi;
        }
        else
        {
            FatalErrorInFunction
                << "Already have patch " << patchName
                << " but of type " << newPatches[patchi]->type()
                << exit(FatalError);
        }
    }
 
 
    patchi = newPatches.size();
 
    label startFacei = 0;
    if (patchi > 0)
    {
        const polyPatch& pp = *newPatches.last();
        startFacei = pp.start()+pp.size();
    }
 
    #ifdef FULLDEBUG
    Pout<< "addPatch : starting newPatches:"
        << " patch:" << patchi << " startFace:" << startFacei << nl;
    printPatches(Pout, newPatches);
    Pout<< "*** end of addPatch:" << endl;
    #endif
 
    newPatches.append
    (
        polyPatch::New
        (
            PatchType::typeName,
            patchName,
            0,                          // size
            startFacei,                 // nFaces
            patchi,
            patches
        ).ptr()
    );
 
    return patchi;
}
 
 
template<class PatchType>
label addPatch
(
    const polyBoundaryMesh& patches,
    const word& patchName,
    const dictionary& dict,
    DynamicList<polyPatch*>& newPatches
)
{
    label patchi = findPatchID(newPatches, patchName);
 
    if (patchi != -1)
    {
        if (isA<PatchType>(*newPatches[patchi]))
        {
            // Already there
            return patchi;
        }
        else
        {
            FatalErrorInFunction
                << "Already have patch " << patchName
                << " but of type " << newPatches[patchi]->type()
                << exit(FatalError);
        }
    }
 
 
    patchi = newPatches.size();
 
    label startFacei = 0;
    if (patchi > 0)
    {
        const polyPatch& pp = *newPatches.last();
        startFacei = pp.start()+pp.size();
    }
 
 
    #ifdef FULLDEBUG
    Pout<< "addPatch : starting newPatches:"
        << " patch:" << patchi << " startFace:" << startFacei << nl;
    printPatches(Pout, newPatches);
    Pout<< "*** end of addPatch:" << endl;
    #endif
 
 
    dictionary patchDict(dict);
    patchDict.set("type", PatchType::typeName);
    patchDict.set("nFaces", 0);
    patchDict.set("startFace", startFacei);
 
    newPatches.append
    (
        polyPatch::New
        (
            patchName,
            patchDict,
            patchi,
            patches
        ).ptr()
    );
 
    return patchi;
}
 
 
// Remove zero-sized patches
void deleteEmptyPatches(fvMesh& mesh)
{
    const polyBoundaryMesh& patches = mesh.boundaryMesh();
 
    wordList masterNames;
    if (Pstream::master())
    {
        masterNames = patches.names();
    }
    Pstream::broadcast(masterNames);
 
 
    labelList oldToNew(patches.size(), -1);
    label usedI = 0;
    label notUsedI = patches.size();
 
    // Add all the non-empty, non-processor patches
    forAll(masterNames, masterI)
    {
        label patchi = patches.findPatchID(masterNames[masterI]);
 
        if (patchi != -1)
        {
            if (isA<processorPolyPatch>(patches[patchi]))
            {
                // Similar named processor patch? Not 'possible'.
                if (patches[patchi].empty())
                {
                    Pout<< "Deleting processor patch " << patchi
                        << " name:" << patches[patchi].name()
                        << endl;
                    oldToNew[patchi] = --notUsedI;
                }
                else
                {
                    oldToNew[patchi] = usedI++;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // Common patch.
                if (returnReduceAnd(patches[patchi].empty()))
                {
                    Pout<< "Deleting patch " << patchi
                        << " name:" << patches[patchi].name()
                        << endl;
                    oldToNew[patchi] = --notUsedI;
                }
                else
                {
                    oldToNew[patchi] = usedI++;
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    // Add remaining patches at the end
    forAll(patches, patchi)
    {
        if (oldToNew[patchi] == -1)
        {
            // Unique to this processor. Note: could check that these are
            // only processor patches.
            if (patches[patchi].empty())
            {
                Pout<< "Deleting processor patch " << patchi
                    << " name:" << patches[patchi].name()
                    << endl;
                oldToNew[patchi] = --notUsedI;
            }
            else
            {
                oldToNew[patchi] = usedI++;
            }
        }
    }
 
    fvMeshTools::reorderPatches(mesh, oldToNew, usedI, true);
}
 
 
// Check zone either all internal or all external faces
void checkZoneInside
(
    const polyMesh& mesh,
    const wordList& zoneNames,
    const labelList& zoneID,
    const labelList& extrudeMeshFaces,
    const boolList& isInternal
)
{
    forAll(zoneNames, i)
    {
        if (isInternal[i])
        {
            Info<< "Zone " << zoneNames[i] << " has internal faces" << endl;
        }
        else
        {
            Info<< "Zone " << zoneNames[i] << " has boundary faces" << endl;
        }
    }
 
    forAll(extrudeMeshFaces, i)
    {
        label facei = extrudeMeshFaces[i];
        label zoneI = zoneID[i];
        if (isInternal[zoneI] != mesh.isInternalFace(facei))
        {
            FatalErrorInFunction
                << "Zone " << zoneNames[zoneI]
                << " is not consistently all internal or all boundary faces."
                << " Face " << facei << " at " << mesh.faceCentres()[facei]
                << " is the first occurrence."
                << exit(FatalError);
        }
    }
}
 
 
// Calculate global pp faces per pp edge.
labelListList globalEdgeFaces
(
    const polyMesh& mesh,
    const globalIndex& globalFaces,
    const primitiveFacePatch& pp,
    const labelList& ppMeshEdges
)
{
    // From mesh edge to global pp face labels.
    labelListList globalEdgeFaces(ppMeshEdges.size());
 
    const labelListList& edgeFaces = pp.edgeFaces();
 
    forAll(edgeFaces, edgeI)
    {
        // Store pp face and processor as unique tag.
        globalEdgeFaces[edgeI] = globalFaces.toGlobal(edgeFaces[edgeI]);
    }
 
    // Synchronise across coupled edges.
    syncTools::syncEdgeList
    (
        mesh,
        ppMeshEdges,
        globalEdgeFaces,
        ListOps::uniqueEqOp<label>(),
        labelList()             // null value
    );
 
    return globalEdgeFaces;
}
 
 
// Find a patch face that is not extruded. Return -1 if not found.
label findUncoveredPatchFace
(
    const fvMesh& mesh,
    const labelUIndList& extrudeMeshFaces,  // mesh faces that are extruded
    const label meshEdgeI                   // mesh edge
)
{
    // Make set of extruded faces.
    labelHashSet extrudeFaceSet(extrudeMeshFaces.size());
    extrudeFaceSet.insert(extrudeMeshFaces);
 
    const polyBoundaryMesh& pbm = mesh.boundaryMesh();
    const labelList& eFaces = mesh.edgeFaces()[meshEdgeI];
    forAll(eFaces, i)
    {
        label facei = eFaces[i];
        label patchi = pbm.whichPatch(facei);
 
        if
        (
            patchi != -1
        && !pbm[patchi].coupled()
        && !extrudeFaceSet.found(facei)
        )
        {
            return facei;
        }
    }
 
    return -1;
}
 
 
// Same as findUncoveredPatchFace, except explicitly checks for cyclic faces
label findUncoveredCyclicPatchFace
(
    const fvMesh& mesh,
    const labelUIndList& extrudeMeshFaces,  // mesh faces that are extruded
    const label meshEdgeI                   // mesh edge
)
{
    // Make set of extruded faces.
    labelHashSet extrudeFaceSet(extrudeMeshFaces.size());
    extrudeFaceSet.insert(extrudeMeshFaces);
 
    const polyBoundaryMesh& pbm = mesh.boundaryMesh();
    const labelList& eFaces = mesh.edgeFaces()[meshEdgeI];
    forAll(eFaces, i)
    {
        label facei = eFaces[i];
        label patchi = pbm.whichPatch(facei);
 
        if
        (
            patchi != -1
        &&  isA<cyclicPolyPatch>(pbm[patchi])
        && !extrudeFaceSet.found(facei)
        )
        {
            return facei;
        }
    }
 
    return -1;
}
 
 
// Calculate per edge min and max zone
void calcEdgeMinMaxZone
(
    const fvMesh& mesh,
    const primitiveFacePatch& extrudePatch,
    const labelList& extrudeMeshEdges,
    const labelList& zoneID,
    const mapDistribute& extrudeEdgeFacesMap,
    const labelListList& extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces,
 
    labelList& minZoneID,
    labelList& maxZoneID
)
{
    // Get zoneIDs in extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces order
    labelList mappedZoneID(zoneID);
    extrudeEdgeFacesMap.distribute(mappedZoneID);
 
    // Get min and max zone per edge
    minZoneID.setSize(extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces.size(), labelMax);
    maxZoneID.setSize(extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces.size(), labelMin);
 
    forAll(extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces, edgeI)
    {
        const labelList& eFaces = extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces[edgeI];
        if (eFaces.size())
        {
            forAll(eFaces, i)
            {
                label zoneI = mappedZoneID[eFaces[i]];
                minZoneID[edgeI] = Foam::min(minZoneID[edgeI], zoneI);
                maxZoneID[edgeI] = Foam::max(maxZoneID[edgeI], zoneI);
            }
        }
    }
    syncTools::syncEdgeList
    (
        mesh,
        extrudeMeshEdges,
        minZoneID,
        minEqOp<label>(),
        labelMax        // null value
    );
    syncTools::syncEdgeList
    (
        mesh,
        extrudeMeshEdges,
        maxZoneID,
        maxEqOp<label>(),
        labelMin        // null value
    );
}
 
 
// Count the number of faces in patches that need to be created. Calculates:
//  zoneSidePatch[zoneI]         : the number of side faces to be created
//  zoneZonePatch[zoneA,zoneB]   : the number of faces inbetween zoneA and B
// Since this only counts we're not taking the processor patches into
// account.
void countExtrudePatches
(
    const fvMesh& mesh,
    const label nZones,
    const primitiveFacePatch& extrudePatch,
    const labelList& extrudeMeshFaces,
    const labelList& extrudeMeshEdges,
 
    const labelListList& extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces,
    const labelList& minZoneID,
    const labelList& maxZoneID,
 
    labelList& zoneSidePatch,
    labelList& zoneZonePatch
)
{
    // Check on master edge for use of zones. Since we only want to know
    // whether they are being used at all no need to accurately count on slave
    // edge as well. Just add all together at the end of this routine so it
    // gets detected at least.
 
    forAll(extrudePatch.edgeFaces(), edgeI)
    {
        const labelList& eFaces = extrudePatch.edgeFaces()[edgeI];
 
        if (eFaces.size() == 2)
        {
            // Internal edge - check if inbetween different zones.
            if (minZoneID[edgeI] != maxZoneID[edgeI])
            {
                zoneZonePatch[minZoneID[edgeI]*nZones+maxZoneID[edgeI]]++;
            }
        }
        else if
        (
            eFaces.size() == 1
         && extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces[edgeI].size() == 2
        )
        {
            // Coupled edge - check if inbetween different zones.
            if (minZoneID[edgeI] != maxZoneID[edgeI])
            {
                const edge& e = extrudePatch.edges()[edgeI];
                const pointField& pts = extrudePatch.localPoints();
                WarningInFunction
                    << "Edge " << edgeI
                    << "at " << pts[e[0]] << pts[e[1]]
                    << " is a coupled edge and inbetween two different zones "
                    << minZoneID[edgeI] << " and " << maxZoneID[edgeI] << endl
                    << "    This is currently not supported." << endl;
 
                zoneZonePatch[minZoneID[edgeI]*nZones+maxZoneID[edgeI]]++;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // One or more than two edge-faces.
            // Check whether we are on a mesh edge with external patches. If
            // so choose any uncovered one. If none found put face in
            // undetermined zone 'side' patch
 
            label facei = findUncoveredPatchFace
            (
                mesh,
                labelUIndList(extrudeMeshFaces, eFaces),
                extrudeMeshEdges[edgeI]
            );
 
            if (facei == -1)
            {
                zoneSidePatch[minZoneID[edgeI]]++;
            }
        }
    }
    // Synchronise decision. Actual numbers are not important, just make
    // sure that they're > 0 on all processors.
    Pstream::listReduce(zoneSidePatch, sumOp<label>());
    Pstream::listReduce(zoneZonePatch, sumOp<label>());
}
 
 
void addCouplingPatches
(
    const fvMesh& mesh,
    const word& regionName,
    const word& shellRegionName,
    const wordList& zoneNames,
    const wordList& zoneShadowNames,
    const boolList& isInternal,
    const labelList& zoneIDs,
 
    DynamicList<polyPatch*>& newPatches,
    labelList& interRegionTopPatch,
    labelList& interRegionBottomPatch
)
{
    Pout<< "Adding coupling patches:" << nl << nl
        << "patchID\tpatch\ttype" << nl
        << "-------\t-----\t----"
        << endl;
 
    interRegionTopPatch.setSize(zoneNames.size(), -1);
    interRegionBottomPatch.setSize(zoneNames.size(), -1);
 
    label nOldPatches = newPatches.size();
    forAll(zoneNames, zoneI)
    {
        word interName
        (
            regionName
           +"_to_"
           +shellRegionName
           +'_'
           +zoneNames[zoneI]
        );
 
        if (isInternal[zoneI])
        {
            interRegionTopPatch[zoneI] = addPatch<mappedWallPolyPatch>
            (
                mesh.boundaryMesh(),
                interName + "_top",
                newPatches
            );
            Pout<< interRegionTopPatch[zoneI]
                << '\t' << newPatches[interRegionTopPatch[zoneI]]->name()
                << '\t' << newPatches[interRegionTopPatch[zoneI]]->type()
                << nl;
 
            interRegionBottomPatch[zoneI] = addPatch<mappedWallPolyPatch>
            (
                mesh.boundaryMesh(),
                interName + "_bottom",
                newPatches
            );
            Pout<< interRegionBottomPatch[zoneI]
                << '\t' << newPatches[interRegionBottomPatch[zoneI]]->name()
                << '\t' << newPatches[interRegionBottomPatch[zoneI]]->type()
                << nl;
        }
        else if (zoneShadowNames.size() == 0)
        {
            interRegionTopPatch[zoneI] = addPatch<polyPatch>
            (
                mesh.boundaryMesh(),
                zoneNames[zoneI] + "_top",
                newPatches
            );
            Pout<< interRegionTopPatch[zoneI]
                << '\t' << newPatches[interRegionTopPatch[zoneI]]->name()
                << '\t' << newPatches[interRegionTopPatch[zoneI]]->type()
                << nl;
 
            interRegionBottomPatch[zoneI] = addPatch<mappedWallPolyPatch>
            (
                mesh.boundaryMesh(),
                interName,
                newPatches
            );
            Pout<< interRegionBottomPatch[zoneI]
                << '\t' << newPatches[interRegionBottomPatch[zoneI]]->name()
                << '\t' << newPatches[interRegionBottomPatch[zoneI]]->type()
                << nl;
        }
        else    //patch using shadow face zones.
        {
            interRegionTopPatch[zoneI] = addPatch<mappedWallPolyPatch>
            (
                mesh.boundaryMesh(),
                zoneShadowNames[zoneI] + "_top",
                newPatches
            );
            Pout<< interRegionTopPatch[zoneI]
                << '\t' << newPatches[interRegionTopPatch[zoneI]]->name()
                << '\t' << newPatches[interRegionTopPatch[zoneI]]->type()
                << nl;
 
            interRegionBottomPatch[zoneI] = addPatch<mappedWallPolyPatch>
            (
                mesh.boundaryMesh(),
                interName,
                newPatches
            );
            Pout<< interRegionBottomPatch[zoneI]
                << '\t' << newPatches[interRegionBottomPatch[zoneI]]->name()
                << '\t' << newPatches[interRegionBottomPatch[zoneI]]->type()
                << nl;
        }
    }
    Pout<< "Added " << newPatches.size()-nOldPatches
        << " inter-region patches." << nl
        << endl;
}
 
 
// Sets sidePatch[edgeI] to interprocessor or cyclic patch. Adds any
// coupled patches if necessary.
void addCoupledPatches
(
    const fvMesh& mesh,
    const primitiveFacePatch& extrudePatch,
    const labelList& extrudeMeshFaces,
    const labelList& extrudeMeshEdges,
    const mapDistribute& extrudeEdgeFacesMap,
    const labelListList& extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces,
 
    labelList& sidePatchID,
    DynamicList<polyPatch*>& newPatches
)
{
    // Calculate opposite processor for coupled edges (only if shared by
    // two procs). Note: could have saved original globalEdgeFaces structure.
 
    // Get procID in extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces order
    labelList procID(extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces.size(), Pstream::myProcNo());
    extrudeEdgeFacesMap.distribute(procID);
 
    labelList minProcID(extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces.size(), labelMax);
    labelList maxProcID(extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces.size(), labelMin);
 
    forAll(extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces, edgeI)
    {
        const labelList& eFaces = extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces[edgeI];
        if (eFaces.size())
        {
            forAll(eFaces, i)
            {
                label proci = procID[eFaces[i]];
                minProcID[edgeI] = Foam::min(minProcID[edgeI], proci);
                maxProcID[edgeI] = Foam::max(maxProcID[edgeI], proci);
            }
        }
    }
    syncTools::syncEdgeList
    (
        mesh,
        extrudeMeshEdges,
        minProcID,
        minEqOp<label>(),
        labelMax        // null value
    );
    syncTools::syncEdgeList
    (
        mesh,
        extrudeMeshEdges,
        maxProcID,
        maxEqOp<label>(),
        labelMin        // null value
    );
 
    Pout<< "Adding processor or cyclic patches:" << nl << nl
        << "patchID\tpatch" << nl
        << "-------\t-----"
        << endl;
 
    label nOldPatches = newPatches.size();
 
    sidePatchID.setSize(extrudePatch.edgeFaces().size(), -1);
    forAll(extrudePatch.edgeFaces(), edgeI)
    {
        const labelList& eFaces = extrudePatch.edgeFaces()[edgeI];
 
        if
        (
            eFaces.size() == 1
         && extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces[edgeI].size() == 2
        )
        {
            // coupled boundary edge. Find matching patch.
            label nbrProci = minProcID[edgeI];
            if (nbrProci == Pstream::myProcNo())
            {
                nbrProci = maxProcID[edgeI];
            }
 
 
            if (nbrProci == Pstream::myProcNo())
            {
                // Cyclic patch since both procs the same. This cyclic should
                // already exist in newPatches so no adding necessary.
 
                label facei = findUncoveredCyclicPatchFace
                (
                    mesh,
                    labelUIndList(extrudeMeshFaces, eFaces),
                    extrudeMeshEdges[edgeI]
                );
 
                if (facei != -1)
                {
                    const polyBoundaryMesh& patches = mesh.boundaryMesh();
 
                    label newPatchi = findPatchID
                    (
                        newPatches,
                        patches[patches.whichPatch(facei)].name()
                    );
 
                    sidePatchID[edgeI] = newPatchi;
                }
                else
                {
                    FatalErrorInFunction
                        << "Unable to determine coupled patch addressing"
                        << abort(FatalError);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // Processor patch
                word name
                (
                    processorPolyPatch::newName(Pstream::myProcNo(), nbrProci)
                );
 
                sidePatchID[edgeI] = findPatchID(newPatches, name);
 
                if (sidePatchID[edgeI] == -1)
                {
                    dictionary patchDict;
                    patchDict.add("myProcNo", Pstream::myProcNo());
                    patchDict.add("neighbProcNo", nbrProci);
 
                    sidePatchID[edgeI] = addPatch<processorPolyPatch>
                    (
                        mesh.boundaryMesh(),
                        name,
                        patchDict,
                        newPatches
                    );
 
                    Pout<< sidePatchID[edgeI] << '\t' << name
                        << nl;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    Pout<< "Added " << newPatches.size()-nOldPatches
        << " coupled patches." << nl
        << endl;
}
 
 
void addZoneSidePatches
(
    const fvMesh& mesh,
    const wordList& zoneNames,
    const word& oneDPolyPatchType,
 
    DynamicList<polyPatch*>& newPatches,
    labelList& zoneSidePatch
)
{
    Pout<< "Adding patches for sides on zones:" << nl << nl
        << "patchID\tpatch" << nl
        << "-------\t-----"
        << endl;
 
    label nOldPatches = newPatches.size();
 
    forAll(zoneSidePatch, zoneI)
    {
        if (!oneDPolyPatchType.empty())
        {
            // Reuse single empty patch.
            word patchName;
            if (oneDPolyPatchType == "empty")
            {
                patchName = "oneDEmptyPatch";
                zoneSidePatch[zoneI] = addPatch<emptyPolyPatch>
                (
                    mesh.boundaryMesh(),
                    patchName,
                    newPatches
                );
            }
            else if (oneDPolyPatchType == "wedge")
            {
                patchName = "oneDWedgePatch";
                zoneSidePatch[zoneI] = addPatch<wedgePolyPatch>
                (
                    mesh.boundaryMesh(),
                    patchName,
                    newPatches
                );
            }
            else
            {
                FatalErrorInFunction
                    << "Type " << oneDPolyPatchType << " does not exist "
                    << exit(FatalError);
            }
 
            Pout<< zoneSidePatch[zoneI] << '\t' << patchName << nl;
        }
        else if (zoneSidePatch[zoneI] > 0)
        {
            word patchName = zoneNames[zoneI] + "_" + "side";
 
            zoneSidePatch[zoneI] = addPatch<polyPatch>
            (
                mesh.boundaryMesh(),
                patchName,
                newPatches
            );
 
            Pout<< zoneSidePatch[zoneI] << '\t' << patchName << nl;
        }
    }
    Pout<< "Added " << newPatches.size()-nOldPatches << " zone-side patches."
        << nl << endl;
}
 
 
void addInterZonePatches
(
    const fvMesh& mesh,
    const wordList& zoneNames,
    const bool oneD,
 
    labelList& zoneZonePatch_min,
    labelList& zoneZonePatch_max,
    DynamicList<polyPatch*>& newPatches
)
{
    Pout<< "Adding inter-zone patches:" << nl << nl
        << "patchID\tpatch" << nl
        << "-------\t-----"
        << endl;
 
    dictionary transformDict;
    transformDict.add
    (
        "transform",
        cyclicPolyPatch::transformTypeNames[cyclicPolyPatch::NOORDERING]
    );
 
    label nOldPatches = newPatches.size();
 
    if (!oneD)
    {
        forAll(zoneZonePatch_min, minZone)
        {
            for (label maxZone = minZone; maxZone < zoneNames.size(); maxZone++)
            {
                label index = minZone*zoneNames.size()+maxZone;
 
                if (zoneZonePatch_min[index] > 0)
                {
                    word minToMax =
                        zoneNames[minZone]
                      + "_to_"
                      + zoneNames[maxZone];
                    word maxToMin =
                        zoneNames[maxZone]
                      + "_to_"
                      + zoneNames[minZone];
 
                    {
                        transformDict.set("neighbourPatch", maxToMin);
                        zoneZonePatch_min[index] =
                        addPatch<nonuniformTransformCyclicPolyPatch>
                        (
                            mesh.boundaryMesh(),
                            minToMax,
                            transformDict,
                            newPatches
                        );
                        Pout<< zoneZonePatch_min[index] << '\t' << minToMax
                            << nl;
                    }
                    {
                        transformDict.set("neighbourPatch", minToMax);
                        zoneZonePatch_max[index] =
                        addPatch<nonuniformTransformCyclicPolyPatch>
                        (
                            mesh.boundaryMesh(),
                            maxToMin,
                            transformDict,
                            newPatches
                        );
                        Pout<< zoneZonePatch_max[index] << '\t' << maxToMin
                            << nl;
                    }
 
                }
            }
        }
    }
    Pout<< "Added " << newPatches.size()-nOldPatches << " inter-zone patches."
        << nl << endl;
}
 
 
tmp<pointField> calcOffset
(
    const primitiveFacePatch& extrudePatch,
    const createShellMesh& extruder,
    const polyPatch& pp
)
{
    vectorField::subField fc = pp.faceCentres();
 
    auto toffsets = tmp<pointField>::New(fc.size());
    auto& offsets = toffsets.ref();
 
    forAll(fc, i)
    {
        label meshFacei = pp.start()+i;
        label patchFacei = mag(extruder.faceToFaceMap()[meshFacei])-1;
        point patchFc = extrudePatch[patchFacei].centre
        (
            extrudePatch.points()
        );
        offsets[i] = patchFc - fc[i];
    }
    return toffsets;
}
 
 
void setCouplingInfo
(
    fvMesh& mesh,
    const labelList& zoneToPatch,
    const word& sampleRegion,
    const mappedPatchBase::sampleMode mode,
    const List<pointField>& offsets,
    const List<boundBox>& bbs
)
{
    const polyBoundaryMesh& patches = mesh.boundaryMesh();
 
    List<polyPatch*> newPatches
    (
        patches.size(),
        static_cast<polyPatch*>(nullptr)
    );
 
    forAll(zoneToPatch, zoneI)
    {
        const label patchi = zoneToPatch[zoneI];
 
        if (patchi != -1)
        {
            const polyPatch& pp = patches[patchi];
 
            if (isA<mappedWallPolyPatch>(pp))
            {
                const vector avgOffset = gAverage(offsets[zoneI]);
                const scalar mergeSqrDist =
                    gMax(magSqr(offsets[zoneI]-avgOffset));
 
                // Create with uniform offset initially
                auto mappedPtr = autoPtr<mappedWallPolyPatch>::New
                (
                    pp.name(),
                    pp.size(),
                    pp.start(),
                    patchi,
                    sampleRegion,       // sampleRegion
                    mode,               // sampleMode
                    pp.name(),          // samplePatch
 
                    avgOffset,          // uniform offset
                    patches
                );
 
                Info<< "Adding on " << mesh.name() << " coupling patch "
                    << pp.name() << " with ";
 
                // Verify uniformity of offset
                // (same check as blockMesh geom merge)
                if (mergeSqrDist < magSqr(10*SMALL*bbs[zoneI].span()))
                {
                    Info<< "uniform offset " << avgOffset << endl;
                }
                else
                {
                    Info<< "non-uniform offset" << endl;
 
                    (*mappedPtr).setOffset(offsets[zoneI]);
                }
 
                newPatches[patchi] = mappedPtr.release();
            }
        }
    }
 
    forAll(newPatches, patchi)
    {
        if (!newPatches[patchi])
        {
            newPatches[patchi] = patches[patchi].clone(patches).ptr();
            //newPatches[patchi].index() = patchi;
        }
    }
 
 
    #ifdef FULLDEBUG
    Pout<< "*** setCouplingInfo addFvPAtches:" << nl;
    printPatches(Pout, newPatches);
    Pout<< "*** setCouplingInfo end of addFvPAtches:" << endl;
    #endif
 
    mesh.removeFvBoundary();
    mesh.addFvPatches(newPatches, true);
}
 
 
// Extrude and write geometric properties
void extrudeGeometricProperties
(
    const polyMesh& mesh,
    const primitiveFacePatch& extrudePatch,
    const createShellMesh& extruder,
    const polyMesh& regionMesh,
    const extrudeModel& model
)
{
     const pointIOField patchFaceCentres
     (
        IOobject
        (
            "patchFaceCentres",
            mesh.pointsInstance(),
            polyMesh::meshSubDir,
            mesh,
            IOobject::MUST_READ
        )
    );
 
    const pointIOField patchEdgeCentres
    (
        IOobject
        (
            "patchEdgeCentres",
            mesh.pointsInstance(),
            polyMesh::meshSubDir,
            mesh,
            IOobject::MUST_READ
        )
    );
 
    //forAll(extrudePatch.edges(), edgeI)
    //{
    //    const edge& e = extrudePatch.edges()[edgeI];
    //    Pout<< "Edge:" << e.centre(extrudePatch.localPoints()) << nl
    //        << "read:" << patchEdgeCentres[edgeI]
    //        << endl;
    //}
 
 
    // Determine edge normals on original patch
    labelList patchEdges;
    labelList coupledEdges;
    bitSet sameEdgeOrientation;
    PatchTools::matchEdges
    (
        extrudePatch,
        mesh.globalData().coupledPatch(),
        patchEdges,
        coupledEdges,
        sameEdgeOrientation
    );
 
    pointField patchEdgeNormals
    (
        PatchTools::edgeNormals
        (
            mesh,
            extrudePatch,
            patchEdges,
            coupledEdges
        )
    );
 
 
    pointIOField faceCentres
    (
        IOobject
        (
            "faceCentres",
            regionMesh.pointsInstance(),
            polyMesh::meshSubDir,
            regionMesh,
            IOobject::NO_READ,
            IOobject::NO_WRITE,
            IOobject::NO_REGISTER
        ),
        regionMesh.nFaces()
    );
 
 
    // Work out layers. Guaranteed in columns so no fancy parallel bits.
 
 
    forAll(extruder.faceToFaceMap(), facei)
    {
        if (extruder.faceToFaceMap()[facei] != 0)
        {
            // 'horizontal' face
            label patchFacei = mag(extruder.faceToFaceMap()[facei])-1;
 
            label celli = regionMesh.faceOwner()[facei];
            if (regionMesh.isInternalFace(facei))
            {
                celli = Foam::max(celli, regionMesh.faceNeighbour()[facei]);
            }
 
            // Calculate layer from cell numbering (see createShellMesh)
            label layerI = (celli % model.nLayers());
 
            if
            (
               !regionMesh.isInternalFace(facei)
             && extruder.faceToFaceMap()[facei] > 0
            )
            {
                // Top face
                layerI++;
            }
 
 
            // Recalculate based on extrusion model
            faceCentres[facei] = model
            (
                patchFaceCentres[patchFacei],
                extrudePatch.faceNormals()[patchFacei],
                layerI
            );
        }
        else
        {
            // 'vertical face
            label patchEdgeI = extruder.faceToEdgeMap()[facei];
            label layerI =
            (
                regionMesh.faceOwner()[facei]
              % model.nLayers()
            );
 
            // Extrude patch edge centre to this layer
            point pt0 = model
            (
                patchEdgeCentres[patchEdgeI],
                patchEdgeNormals[patchEdgeI],
                layerI
            );
            // Extrude patch edge centre to next layer
            point pt1 = model
            (
                patchEdgeCentres[patchEdgeI],
                patchEdgeNormals[patchEdgeI],
                layerI+1
            );
 
            // Interpolate
            faceCentres[facei] = 0.5*(pt0+pt1);
        }
    }
 
    pointIOField cellCentres
    (
        IOobject
        (
            "cellCentres",
            regionMesh.pointsInstance(),
            polyMesh::meshSubDir,
            regionMesh,
            IOobject::NO_READ,
            IOobject::NO_WRITE,
            IOobject::NO_REGISTER
        ),
        regionMesh.nCells()
    );
 
    forAll(extruder.cellToFaceMap(), celli)
    {
        label patchFacei = extruder.cellToFaceMap()[celli];
 
        // Calculate layer from cell numbering (see createShellMesh)
        label layerI = (celli % model.nLayers());
 
        // Recalculate based on extrusion model
        point pt0 = model
        (
            patchFaceCentres[patchFacei],
            extrudePatch.faceNormals()[patchFacei],
            layerI
        );
        point pt1 = model
        (
            patchFaceCentres[patchFacei],
            extrudePatch.faceNormals()[patchFacei],
            layerI+1
        );
 
        // Interpolate
        cellCentres[celli] = 0.5*(pt0+pt1);
    }
 
 
    // Bit of checking
    if (false)
    {
        OBJstream faceStr(regionMesh.time().path()/"faceCentres.obj");
        OBJstream cellStr(regionMesh.time().path()/"cellCentres.obj");
 
        forAll(faceCentres, facei)
        {
            Pout<< "Model     :" << faceCentres[facei] << endl
                << "regionMesh:" << regionMesh.faceCentres()[facei] << endl;
            faceStr.writeLine
            (
                faceCentres[facei],
                regionMesh.faceCentres()[facei]
            );
        }
        forAll(cellCentres, celli)
        {
            Pout<< "Model     :" << cellCentres[celli] << endl
                << "regionMesh:" << regionMesh.cellCentres()[celli] << endl;
            cellStr.writeLine
            (
                cellCentres[celli],
                regionMesh.cellCentres()[celli]
            );
        }
    }
 
 
 
    Info<< "Writing geometric properties for mesh " << regionMesh.name()
        << " to " << regionMesh.pointsInstance() << nl
        << endl;
 
    bool ok = faceCentres.write() && cellCentres.write();
 
    if (!ok)
    {
        FatalErrorInFunction
            << "Failed writing " << faceCentres.objectPath()
            << " and " << cellCentres.objectPath()
            << exit(FatalError);
    }
}
 
 
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    argList::addNote
    (
        "Create region mesh by extruding a faceZone or faceSet"
    );
 
    #include "addRegionOption.H"
    #include "addOverwriteOption.H"
 
    argList::addOption
    (
        "dict", "file", "Alternative extrudeToRegionMeshDict"
    );
 
    #include "setRootCase.H"
    #include "createTime.H"
    #include "createNamedMesh.H"
 
    if (mesh.boundaryMesh().checkParallelSync(true))
    {
        List<wordList> allNames(Pstream::nProcs());
        allNames[Pstream::myProcNo()] = mesh.boundaryMesh().names();
        Pstream::allGatherList(allNames);
 
        FatalErrorInFunction
            << "Patches are not synchronised on all processors."
            << " Per processor patches " << allNames
            << exit(FatalError);
    }
 
 
    const word oldInstance = mesh.pointsInstance();
    const bool overwrite = args.found("overwrite");
 
    const word dictName("extrudeToRegionMeshDict");
 
    #include "setSystemMeshDictionaryIO.H"
 
    IOdictionary dict(dictIO);
 
    // Point generator
    autoPtr<extrudeModel> model(extrudeModel::New(dict));
 
    // Region
    const word shellRegionName(dict.get<word>("region"));
 
    // Faces to extrude - either faceZones or faceSets (boundary faces only)
    wordList zoneNames;
    wordList zoneShadowNames;
 
    const bool hasZones = dict.found("faceZones");
    if (hasZones)
    {
        dict.readEntry("faceZones", zoneNames);
        dict.readIfPresent("faceZonesShadow", zoneShadowNames);
 
        // Check
        if (dict.found("faceSets"))
        {
            FatalIOErrorInFunction(dict)
                << "Please supply faces to extrude either through 'faceZones'"
                << " or 'faceSets' entry. Found both."
                << exit(FatalIOError);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        dict.readEntry("faceSets", zoneNames);
        dict.readIfPresent("faceSetsShadow", zoneShadowNames);
    }
 
 
    mappedPatchBase::sampleMode sampleMode =
        mappedPatchBase::sampleModeNames_.get("sampleMode", dict);
 
    const bool oneD(dict.get<bool>("oneD"));
    bool oneDNonManifoldEdges(false);
    word oneDPatchType(emptyPolyPatch::typeName);
    if (oneD)
    {
        oneDNonManifoldEdges = dict.getOrDefault("nonManifold", false);
        oneDPatchType = dict.get<word>("oneDPolyPatchType");
    }
 
    const bool adaptMesh(dict.get<bool>("adaptMesh"));
 
    const bool addSidePatches(dict.getOrDefault<bool>("addSidePatches", true));
 
 
 
    if (hasZones)
    {
        Info<< "Extruding zones " << zoneNames
            << " on mesh " << regionName
            << " into shell mesh " << shellRegionName
            << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        Info<< "Extruding faceSets " << zoneNames
            << " on mesh " << regionName
            << " into shell mesh " << shellRegionName
            << endl;
    }
 
    if (shellRegionName == regionName)
    {
        FatalIOErrorInFunction(dict)
            << "Cannot extrude into same region as mesh." << endl
            << "Mesh region : " << regionName << endl
            << "Shell region : " << shellRegionName
            << exit(FatalIOError);
    }
 
 
    if (oneD)
    {
        if (oneDNonManifoldEdges)
        {
            Info<< "Extruding as 1D columns with sides in patch type "
                << oneDPatchType
                << " and connected points (except on non-manifold areas)."
                << endl;
        }
        else
        {
            Info<< "Extruding as 1D columns with sides in patch type "
                << oneDPatchType
                << " and duplicated points (overlapping volumes)."
                << endl;
        }
    }
 
 
    if (addSidePatches && zoneNames.size() > 1)
    {
        Info<< "Extruding edges on more than one faceZone into boundary faces"
            << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        Info<< "Extruding internal edges into internal faces" << endl;
    }
 

    //IOobjectList objects(mesh, runTime.timeName());
    //
    //
    //PtrList<volScalarField> vsFlds;
    //ReadFields(mesh, objects, vsFlds);
    //
    //PtrList<volVectorField> vvFlds;
    //ReadFields(mesh, objects, vvFlds);
    //
    //PtrList<volSphericalTensorField> vstFlds;
    //ReadFields(mesh, objects, vstFlds);
    //
    //PtrList<volSymmTensorField> vsymtFlds;
    //ReadFields(mesh, objects, vsymtFlds);
    //
    //PtrList<volTensorField> vtFlds;
    //ReadFields(mesh, objects, vtFlds);
    //
    //
    //PtrList<surfaceScalarField> ssFlds;
    //ReadFields(mesh, objects, ssFlds);
    //
    //PtrList<surfaceVectorField> svFlds;
    //ReadFields(mesh, objects, svFlds);
    //
    //PtrList<surfaceSphericalTensorField> sstFlds;
    //ReadFields(mesh, objects, sstFlds);
    //
    //PtrList<surfaceSymmTensorField> ssymtFlds;
    //ReadFields(mesh, objects, ssymtFlds);
    //
    //PtrList<surfaceTensorField> stFlds;
    //ReadFields(mesh, objects, stFlds);
    //
    //
    //PtrList<pointScalarField> psFlds;
    //ReadFields(pointMesh::New(mesh), objects, psFlds);
    //
    //PtrList<pointVectorField> pvFlds;
    //ReadFields(pointMesh::New(mesh), objects, pvFlds);
 
 
 
    // Create dummy fv* files
    fvMeshTools::createDummyFvMeshFiles(mesh, shellRegionName, true);
 
 
    word meshInstance;
    if (!overwrite)
    {
        ++runTime;
        meshInstance = runTime.timeName();
    }
    else
    {
        meshInstance = oldInstance;
    }
    Info<< "Writing meshes to " << meshInstance << nl << endl;
 
 
    const polyBoundaryMesh& patches = mesh.boundaryMesh();
 
 
    // Extract faces to extrude
    // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    // Note: zoneID are regions of extrusion. They are not mesh.faceZones
    // indices.
 
    // From extrude zone to mesh zone (or -1 if extruding faceSets)
    labelList meshZoneID;
    // Per extrude zone whether contains internal or external faces
    boolList isInternal(zoneNames.size(), false);
 
    labelList extrudeMeshFaces;
    faceList zoneFaces;
    labelList zoneID;
    boolList zoneFlipMap;
    // Shadow
    labelList zoneShadowIDs;    // from extrude shadow zone to mesh zone
    labelList extrudeMeshShadowFaces;
    boolList zoneShadowFlipMap;
    labelList zoneShadowID;
 
    if (hasZones)
    {
        const faceZoneMesh& faceZones = mesh.faceZones();
 
        meshZoneID.setSize(zoneNames.size());
        forAll(zoneNames, i)
        {
            meshZoneID[i] = faceZones.findZoneID(zoneNames[i]);
            if (meshZoneID[i] == -1)
            {
                FatalIOErrorInFunction(dict)
                    << "Cannot find zone " << zoneNames[i] << endl
                    << "Valid zones are " << faceZones.names()
                    << exit(FatalIOError);
            }
        }
        // Collect per face information
        label nExtrudeFaces = 0;
        forAll(meshZoneID, i)
        {
            nExtrudeFaces += faceZones[meshZoneID[i]].size();
        }
        extrudeMeshFaces.setSize(nExtrudeFaces);
        zoneFaces.setSize(nExtrudeFaces);
        zoneID.setSize(nExtrudeFaces);
        zoneFlipMap.setSize(nExtrudeFaces);
        nExtrudeFaces = 0;
        forAll(meshZoneID, i)
        {
            const faceZone& fz = faceZones[meshZoneID[i]];
            const primitiveFacePatch& fzp = fz();
            forAll(fz, j)
            {
                extrudeMeshFaces[nExtrudeFaces] = fz[j];
                zoneFaces[nExtrudeFaces] = fzp[j];
                zoneID[nExtrudeFaces] = i;
                zoneFlipMap[nExtrudeFaces] = fz.flipMap()[j];
                nExtrudeFaces++;
 
                if (mesh.isInternalFace(fz[j]))
                {
                    isInternal[i] = true;
                }
            }
        }
 
        // Shadow zone
        // ~~~~~~~~~~~
 
        if (zoneShadowNames.size())
        {
            zoneShadowIDs.setSize(zoneShadowNames.size());
            forAll(zoneShadowNames, i)
            {
                zoneShadowIDs[i] = faceZones.findZoneID(zoneShadowNames[i]);
                if (zoneShadowIDs[i] == -1)
                {
                    FatalIOErrorInFunction(dict)
                        << "Cannot find zone " << zoneShadowNames[i] << endl
                        << "Valid zones are " << faceZones.names()
                        << exit(FatalIOError);
                }
            }
 
            label nShadowFaces = 0;
            forAll(zoneShadowIDs, i)
            {
                nShadowFaces += faceZones[zoneShadowIDs[i]].size();
            }
 
            extrudeMeshShadowFaces.setSize(nShadowFaces);
            zoneShadowFlipMap.setSize(nShadowFaces);
            zoneShadowID.setSize(nShadowFaces);
 
            nShadowFaces = 0;
            forAll(zoneShadowIDs, i)
            {
                const faceZone& fz = faceZones[zoneShadowIDs[i]];
                forAll(fz, j)
                {
                    extrudeMeshShadowFaces[nShadowFaces] = fz[j];
                    zoneShadowFlipMap[nShadowFaces] = fz.flipMap()[j];
                    zoneShadowID[nShadowFaces] = i;
                    nShadowFaces++;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        meshZoneID.setSize(zoneNames.size(), -1);
        // Load faceSets
        PtrList<faceSet> zones(zoneNames.size());
        forAll(zoneNames, i)
        {
            Info<< "Loading faceSet " << zoneNames[i] << endl;
            zones.set(i, new faceSet(mesh, zoneNames[i]));
        }
 
 
        // Collect per face information
        label nExtrudeFaces = 0;
        forAll(zones, i)
        {
            nExtrudeFaces += zones[i].size();
        }
        extrudeMeshFaces.setSize(nExtrudeFaces);
        zoneFaces.setSize(nExtrudeFaces);
        zoneID.setSize(nExtrudeFaces);
        zoneFlipMap.setSize(nExtrudeFaces);
 
        nExtrudeFaces = 0;
        forAll(zones, i)
        {
            const faceSet& fz = zones[i];
            for (const label facei : fz)
            {
                if (mesh.isInternalFace(facei))
                {
                    FatalIOErrorInFunction(dict)
                        << "faceSet " << fz.name()
                        << "contains internal faces."
                        << " This is not permitted."
                        << exit(FatalIOError);
                }
                extrudeMeshFaces[nExtrudeFaces] = facei;
                zoneFaces[nExtrudeFaces] = mesh.faces()[facei];
                zoneID[nExtrudeFaces] = i;
                zoneFlipMap[nExtrudeFaces] = false;
                nExtrudeFaces++;
 
                if (mesh.isInternalFace(facei))
                {
                    isInternal[i] = true;
                }
            }
        }
 
 
        // Shadow zone
        // ~~~~~~~~~~~
 
        PtrList<faceSet> shadowZones(zoneShadowNames.size());
        if (zoneShadowNames.size())
        {
            zoneShadowIDs.setSize(zoneShadowNames.size(), -1);
            forAll(zoneShadowNames, i)
            {
                shadowZones.set(i, new faceSet(mesh, zoneShadowNames[i]));
            }
 
            label nShadowFaces = 0;
            for (const faceSet& fz : shadowZones)
            {
                nShadowFaces += fz.size();
            }
 
            if (nExtrudeFaces != nShadowFaces)
            {
                FatalIOErrorInFunction(dict)
                    << "Extruded faces " << nExtrudeFaces << endl
                    << "is different from shadow faces. " << nShadowFaces
                    << "This is not permitted " << endl
                    << exit(FatalIOError);
            }
 
            extrudeMeshShadowFaces.setSize(nShadowFaces);
            zoneShadowFlipMap.setSize(nShadowFaces);
            zoneShadowID.setSize(nShadowFaces);
 
            nShadowFaces = 0;
            forAll(shadowZones, i)
            {
                const faceSet& fz = shadowZones[i];
                for (const label facei : fz)
                {
                    if (mesh.isInternalFace(facei))
                    {
                        FatalIOErrorInFunction(dict)
                            << "faceSet " << fz.name()
                            << "contains internal faces."
                            << " This is not permitted."
                            << exit(FatalIOError);
                    }
                    extrudeMeshShadowFaces[nShadowFaces] = facei;
                    zoneShadowFlipMap[nShadowFaces] = false;
                    zoneShadowID[nShadowFaces] = i;
                    nShadowFaces++;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    const primitiveFacePatch extrudePatch(std::move(zoneFaces), mesh.points());
 
 
    Pstream::listCombineReduce(isInternal, orEqOp<bool>());
 
    // Check zone either all internal or all external faces
    checkZoneInside(mesh, zoneNames, zoneID, extrudeMeshFaces, isInternal);
 
 
    const pointField& extrudePoints = extrudePatch.localPoints();
    const faceList& extrudeFaces = extrudePatch.localFaces();
    const labelListList& edgeFaces = extrudePatch.edgeFaces();
 
 
    Info<< "extrudePatch :"
        << " faces:" << extrudePatch.size()
        << " points:" << extrudePatch.nPoints()
        << " edges:" << extrudePatch.nEdges()
        << nl
        << endl;
 
 
    // Determine per-extrude-edge info
    // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
    // Corresponding mesh edges
    const labelList extrudeMeshEdges
    (
        extrudePatch.meshEdges
        (
            mesh.edges(),
            mesh.pointEdges()
        )
    );
 
    const globalIndex globalExtrudeFaces(extrudePatch.size());
 
    // Global pp faces per pp edge.
    labelListList extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces
    (
        globalEdgeFaces
        (
            mesh,
            globalExtrudeFaces,
            extrudePatch,
            extrudeMeshEdges
        )
    );
    List<Map<label>> compactMap;
    const mapDistribute extrudeEdgeFacesMap
    (
        globalExtrudeFaces,
        extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces,
        compactMap
    );
 
 
    // Determine min and max zone per edge
    labelList edgeMinZoneID;
    labelList edgeMaxZoneID;
    calcEdgeMinMaxZone
    (
        mesh,
        extrudePatch,
        extrudeMeshEdges,
        zoneID,
        extrudeEdgeFacesMap,
        extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces,
 
        edgeMinZoneID,
        edgeMaxZoneID
    );
 
    if (!addSidePatches)
    {
        // Disabling inter-zone multiple boundary faces by setting 'left' and
        // 'right' zone to be the same
        edgeMaxZoneID = edgeMinZoneID;
    }
 
 
    DynamicList<polyPatch*> regionPatches(patches.size());
    // Copy all non-local patches since these are used on boundary edges of
    // the extrusion
    forAll(patches, patchi)
    {
        if (!isA<processorPolyPatch>(patches[patchi]))
        {
            label newPatchi = regionPatches.size();
            regionPatches.append
            (
                patches[patchi].clone
                (
                    patches,
                    newPatchi,
                    0,              // size
                    0               // start
                ).ptr()
            );
        }
    }
 
 
    // Add interface patches
    // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
    // From zone to interface patch (region side)
    labelList interRegionTopPatch;
    labelList interRegionBottomPatch;
 
    addCouplingPatches
    (
        mesh,
        regionName,
        shellRegionName,
        zoneNames,
        zoneShadowNames,
        isInternal,
        meshZoneID,
 
        regionPatches,
        interRegionTopPatch,
        interRegionBottomPatch
    );
 
 
    // From zone to interface patch (mesh side)
    labelList interMeshTopPatch;
    labelList interMeshBottomPatch;
 
    if (adaptMesh)
    {
        // Add coupling patches to mesh
 
        // 1. Clone existing global patches
        DynamicList<polyPatch*> newPatches(patches.size());
        forAll(patches, patchi)
        {
            if (!isA<processorPolyPatch>(patches[patchi]))
            {
                autoPtr<polyPatch> clonedPatch(patches[patchi].clone(patches));
                clonedPatch->index() = newPatches.size();
                newPatches.append(clonedPatch.ptr());
            }
        }
 
        // 2. Add new patches
        addCouplingPatches
        (
            mesh,
            regionName,
            shellRegionName,
            zoneNames,
            zoneShadowNames,
            isInternal,
            meshZoneID,
 
            newPatches,
            interMeshTopPatch,
            interMeshBottomPatch
        );
 
        // 3. Clone processor patches
        forAll(patches, patchi)
        {
            if (isA<processorPolyPatch>(patches[patchi]))
            {
                autoPtr<polyPatch> clonedPatch(patches[patchi].clone(patches));
                clonedPatch->index() = newPatches.size();
                newPatches.append(clonedPatch.ptr());
            }
        }
 
 
        #ifdef FULLDEBUG
        Pout<< "*** adaptMesh : addFvPAtches:" << nl;
        printPatches(Pout, newPatches);
        Pout<< "*** end of adaptMesh : addFvPAtches:" << endl;
        #endif
 
 
        // Add to mesh
        mesh.clearOut();
        mesh.removeFvBoundary();
        mesh.addFvPatches(newPatches, true);

    }
 
 
    // Patch per extruded face
    labelList extrudeTopPatchID(extrudePatch.size());
    labelList extrudeBottomPatchID(extrudePatch.size());
 
    forAll(zoneID, facei)
    {
        extrudeTopPatchID[facei] = interRegionTopPatch[zoneID[facei]];
        extrudeBottomPatchID[facei] = interRegionBottomPatch[zoneID[facei]];
    }
 
 
 
    // Count how many patches on special edges of extrudePatch are necessary
    // - zoneXXX_sides
    // - zoneXXX_zoneYYY
    labelList zoneSidePatch(zoneNames.size(), Zero);
    // Patch to use for minZone
    labelList zoneZonePatch_min(zoneNames.size()*zoneNames.size(), Zero);
    // Patch to use for maxZone
    labelList zoneZonePatch_max(zoneNames.size()*zoneNames.size(), Zero);
 
    countExtrudePatches
    (
        mesh,
        zoneNames.size(),
 
        extrudePatch,           // patch
        extrudeMeshFaces,       // mesh face per patch face
        extrudeMeshEdges,       // mesh edge per patch edge
 
        extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces, // global indexing per patch edge
        edgeMinZoneID,          // minZone per patch edge
        edgeMaxZoneID,          // maxZone per patch edge
 
        zoneSidePatch,          // per zone-side num edges that extrude into it
        zoneZonePatch_min       // per zone-zone num edges that extrude into it
    );
 
    // Now we'll have:
    //  zoneSidePatch[zoneA] : number of faces needed on the side of zoneA
    //  zoneZonePatch_min[zoneA,zoneB] : number of faces needed inbetween A,B
 
 
    // Add the zone-side patches.
    addZoneSidePatches
    (
        mesh,
        zoneNames,
        (oneD ? oneDPatchType : word::null),
 
        regionPatches,
        zoneSidePatch
    );
 
 
    // Add the patches inbetween zones
    addInterZonePatches
    (
        mesh,
        zoneNames,
        oneD,
 
        zoneZonePatch_min,
        zoneZonePatch_max,
        regionPatches
    );
 
 
    // Sets sidePatchID[edgeI] to interprocessor patch. Adds any
    // interprocessor or cyclic patches if necessary.
    labelList sidePatchID;
    addCoupledPatches
    (
        mesh,
        extrudePatch,
        extrudeMeshFaces,
        extrudeMeshEdges,
        extrudeEdgeFacesMap,
        extrudeEdgeGlobalFaces,
 
        sidePatchID,
        regionPatches
    );
 
 
//    // Add all the newPatches to the mesh and fields
//    // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
//    {
//        forAll(newPatches, patchi)
//        {
//            Pout<< "Adding patch " << patchi
//                << " name:" << newPatches[patchi]->name()
//                << endl;
//        }
//        //label nOldPatches = mesh.boundary().size();
//        mesh.clearOut();
//        mesh.removeFvBoundary();
//        mesh.addFvPatches(newPatches, true);
//        //// Add calculated fvPatchFields for the added patches
//        //for
//        //(
//        //    label patchi = nOldPatches;
//        //    patchi < mesh.boundary().size();
//        //    patchi++
//        //)
//        //{
//        //    Pout<< "ADDing calculated to patch " << patchi
//        //        << endl;
//        //    addCalculatedPatchFields(mesh);
//        //}
//        //Pout<< "** Added " << mesh.boundary().size()-nOldPatches
//        //    << " patches." << endl;
//    }
 
 
    // Set patches to use for edges to be extruded into boundary faces
    // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    // In order of edgeFaces: per edge, per originating face the
    // patch to use for the side face (from the extruded edge).
    // If empty size create an internal face.
    labelListList extrudeEdgePatches(extrudePatch.nEdges());
 
    // Is edge a non-manifold edge
    bitSet nonManifoldEdge(extrudePatch.nEdges());
 
    // Note: logic has to be same as in countExtrudePatches.
    forAll(edgeFaces, edgeI)
    {
        const labelList& eFaces = edgeFaces[edgeI];
 
        labelList& ePatches = extrudeEdgePatches[edgeI];
 
        if (oneD)
        {
            ePatches.setSize(eFaces.size());
            forAll(eFaces, i)
            {
                ePatches[i] = zoneSidePatch[zoneID[eFaces[i]]];
            }
 
            if (oneDNonManifoldEdges)
            {
                //- Set nonManifoldEdge[edgeI] for non-manifold edges only
                //  The other option is to have non-manifold edges everywhere
                //  and generate space overlapping columns of cells.
                if (eFaces.size() != 2)
                {
                    nonManifoldEdge.set(edgeI);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                nonManifoldEdge.set(edgeI);
            }
        }
        else if (eFaces.size() == 2)
        {
            label zone0 = zoneID[eFaces[0]];
            label zone1 = zoneID[eFaces[1]];
 
            if (addSidePatches && (zone0 != zone1)) // || (cos(angle) > blabla))
            {
                label minZone = Foam::min(zone0,zone1);
                label maxZone = Foam::max(zone0,zone1);
                label index = minZone*zoneNames.size()+maxZone;
 
                ePatches.setSize(eFaces.size());
 
                if (zone0 == minZone)
                {
                    ePatches[0] = zoneZonePatch_min[index];
                    ePatches[1] = zoneZonePatch_max[index];
                }
                else
                {
                    ePatches[0] = zoneZonePatch_max[index];
                    ePatches[1] = zoneZonePatch_min[index];
                }
 
                nonManifoldEdge.set(edgeI);
            }
        }
        else if (sidePatchID[edgeI] != -1)
        {
            // Coupled extrusion
            ePatches.setSize(eFaces.size());
            forAll(eFaces, i)
            {
                ePatches[i] = sidePatchID[edgeI];
            }
        }
        else
        {
            label facei = findUncoveredPatchFace
            (
                mesh,
                labelUIndList(extrudeMeshFaces, eFaces),
                extrudeMeshEdges[edgeI]
            );
 
            if (facei != -1)
            {
                label newPatchi = findPatchID
                (
                    regionPatches,
                    patches[patches.whichPatch(facei)].name()
                );
                ePatches.setSize(eFaces.size(), newPatchi);
            }
            else
            {
                ePatches.setSize(eFaces.size());
                forAll(eFaces, i)
                {
                    ePatches[i] = zoneSidePatch[zoneID[eFaces[i]]];
                }
            }
            nonManifoldEdge.set(edgeI);
        }
    }
 
 
 
    // Assign point regions
    // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
    // Per face, per point the region number.
    faceList pointGlobalRegions;
    faceList pointLocalRegions;
    labelList localToGlobalRegion;
 
    createShellMesh::calcPointRegions
    (
        mesh.globalData(),
        extrudePatch,
        nonManifoldEdge,
        false,              // keep cyclic separated regions apart
 
        pointGlobalRegions,
        pointLocalRegions,
        localToGlobalRegion
    );
 
    // Per local region an originating point
    labelList localRegionPoints(localToGlobalRegion.size());
    forAll(pointLocalRegions, facei)
    {
        const face& f = extrudePatch.localFaces()[facei];
        const face& pRegions = pointLocalRegions[facei];
        forAll(pRegions, fp)
        {
            localRegionPoints[pRegions[fp]] = f[fp];
        }
    }
 
    // Calculate region normals by reducing local region normals
    pointField localRegionNormals(localToGlobalRegion.size());
    {
        pointField localSum(localToGlobalRegion.size(), Zero);
 
        forAll(pointLocalRegions, facei)
        {
            const face& pRegions = pointLocalRegions[facei];
            forAll(pRegions, fp)
            {
                label localRegionI = pRegions[fp];
                localSum[localRegionI] += extrudePatch.faceNormals()[facei];
            }
        }
 
        Map<point> globalSum(2*localToGlobalRegion.size());
 
        forAll(localSum, localRegionI)
        {
            label globalRegionI = localToGlobalRegion[localRegionI];
            globalSum.insert(globalRegionI, localSum[localRegionI]);
        }
 
        // Reduce
        Pstream::mapCombineReduce(globalSum, plusEqOp<point>());
 
        forAll(localToGlobalRegion, localRegionI)
        {
            label globalRegionI = localToGlobalRegion[localRegionI];
            localRegionNormals[localRegionI] = globalSum[globalRegionI];
        }
        localRegionNormals /= mag(localRegionNormals);
    }
 
 
    // For debugging: dump hedgehog plot of normals
    if (false)
    {
        OFstream str(runTime.path()/"localRegionNormals.obj");
        label vertI = 0;
 
        scalar thickness = model().sumThickness(1);
 
        forAll(pointLocalRegions, facei)
        {
            const face& f = extrudeFaces[facei];
 
            forAll(f, fp)
            {
                label region = pointLocalRegions[facei][fp];
                const point& pt = extrudePoints[f[fp]];
 
                meshTools::writeOBJ(str, pt);
                vertI++;
                meshTools::writeOBJ
                (
                    str,
                    pt+thickness*localRegionNormals[region]
                );
                vertI++;
                str << "l " << vertI-1 << ' ' << vertI << nl;
            }
        }
    }
 
 
    // Use model to create displacements of first layer
    vectorField firstDisp(localRegionNormals.size());
    forAll(firstDisp, regionI)
    {
        //const point& regionPt = regionCentres[regionI];
        const point& regionPt = extrudePatch.points()
        [
            extrudePatch.meshPoints()
            [
                localRegionPoints[regionI]
            ]
        ];
        const vector& n = localRegionNormals[regionI];
        firstDisp[regionI] = model()(regionPt, n, 1) - regionPt;
    }
 
 
    // Create a new mesh
    // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
    createShellMesh extruder
    (
        extrudePatch,
        pointLocalRegions,
        localRegionPoints
    );
 
 
    autoPtr<mapPolyMesh> shellMap;
    fvMesh regionMesh
    (
        IOobject
        (
            shellRegionName,
            meshInstance,
            runTime,
            IOobject::NO_READ,
            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE,
            IOobject::NO_REGISTER
        ),
        Foam::zero{},
        false  // syncPar
    );
 
    // Add the new patches
    forAll(regionPatches, patchi)
    {
        polyPatch* ppPtr = regionPatches[patchi];
        regionPatches[patchi] = ppPtr->clone(regionMesh.boundaryMesh()).ptr();
        delete ppPtr;
    }
 
    #ifdef FULLDEBUG
    Pout<< "*** regionPatches : regionPatches:" << nl;
    printPatches(Pout, regionPatches);
    Pout<< "*** end of regionPatches : regionPatches:" << endl;
    #endif
 
 
    regionMesh.clearOut();
    regionMesh.removeFvBoundary();
    regionMesh.addFvPatches(regionPatches, true);
 
    {
        polyTopoChange meshMod(regionPatches.size());
 
        extruder.setRefinement
        (
            firstDisp,                              // first displacement
            model().expansionRatio(),
            model().nLayers(),                      // nLayers
            extrudeTopPatchID,
            extrudeBottomPatchID,
            extrudeEdgePatches,
            meshMod
        );
 
        // Enforce actual point positions according to extrudeModel (model)
        // (extruder.setRefinement only does fixed expansionRatio)
        // The regionPoints and nLayers are looped in the same way as in
        // createShellMesh
        DynamicList<point>& newPoints = const_cast<DynamicList<point>&>
        (
            meshMod.points()
        );
        label meshPointi = extrudePatch.localPoints().size();
        forAll(localRegionPoints, regionI)
        {
            label pointi = localRegionPoints[regionI];
            point pt = extrudePatch.localPoints()[pointi];
            const vector& n = localRegionNormals[regionI];
 
            for (label layerI = 1; layerI <= model().nLayers(); layerI++)
            {
                newPoints[meshPointi++] = model()(pt, n, layerI);
            }
        }
 
        shellMap = meshMod.changeMesh
        (
            regionMesh,     // mesh to change
            false           // inflate
        );
    }
 
    // Necessary?
    regionMesh.setInstance(meshInstance);
 
 
    // Update numbering on extruder.
    extruder.updateMesh(shellMap());
 
 
    // Calculate offsets from shell mesh back to original mesh
    // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
    List<pointField> topOffsets(zoneNames.size());
    List<boundBox> topBbs(zoneNames.size());
 
    List<pointField> bottomOffsets(zoneNames.size());
    List<boundBox> bottomBbs(zoneNames.size());
 
    forAll(regionMesh.boundaryMesh(), patchi)
    {
        const polyPatch& pp = regionMesh.boundaryMesh()[patchi];
 
        if (isA<mappedWallPolyPatch>(pp))
        {
            if (interRegionTopPatch.found(patchi))
            {
                label zoneI = interRegionTopPatch.find(patchi);
                topOffsets[zoneI] = calcOffset(extrudePatch, extruder, pp);
                topBbs[zoneI] = boundBox(pp.points(), pp.meshPoints(), true);
            }
            else if (interRegionBottomPatch.found(patchi))
            {
                label zoneI = interRegionBottomPatch.find(patchi);
                bottomOffsets[zoneI] = calcOffset(extrudePatch, extruder, pp);
                bottomBbs[zoneI] = boundBox(pp.points(), pp.meshPoints(), true);
            }
        }
    }
 
 
    // Change top and bottom boundary conditions on regionMesh
    // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
    {
        // Correct top patches for offset
        setCouplingInfo
        (
            regionMesh,
            interRegionTopPatch,
            regionName,                 // name of main mesh
            sampleMode,                 // sampleMode
            topOffsets,
            topBbs
        );
 
        // Correct bottom patches for offset
        setCouplingInfo
        (
            regionMesh,
            interRegionBottomPatch,
            regionName,
            sampleMode,                 // sampleMode
            bottomOffsets,
            bottomBbs
        );
 
        // Remove any unused patches
        deleteEmptyPatches(regionMesh);
    }
 
    // Change top and bottom boundary conditions on main mesh
    // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
    if (adaptMesh)
    {
        // Correct top patches for offset
        setCouplingInfo
        (
            mesh,
            interMeshTopPatch,
            shellRegionName,                        // name of shell mesh
            sampleMode,                             // sampleMode
            -topOffsets,
            topBbs
        );
 
        // Correct bottom patches for offset
        setCouplingInfo
        (
            mesh,
            interMeshBottomPatch,
            shellRegionName,
            sampleMode,
            -bottomOffsets,
            bottomBbs
        );
    }
 
 
 
    // Write addressing from region mesh back to originating patch
    // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
    labelIOList cellToPatchFaceAddressing
    (
        IOobject
        (
            "cellToPatchFaceAddressing",
            regionMesh.facesInstance(),
            polyMesh::meshSubDir,
            regionMesh,
            IOobject::NO_READ,
            IOobject::NO_WRITE,
            IOobject::NO_REGISTER
        ),
        extruder.cellToFaceMap()
    );
    cellToPatchFaceAddressing.note() = "cell to patch face addressing";
 
    labelIOList faceToPatchFaceAddressing
    (
        IOobject
        (
            "faceToPatchFaceAddressing",
            regionMesh.facesInstance(),
            polyMesh::meshSubDir,
            regionMesh,
            IOobject::NO_READ,
            IOobject::NO_WRITE,
            IOobject::NO_REGISTER
        ),
        extruder.faceToFaceMap()
    );
    faceToPatchFaceAddressing.note() =
        "front/back face + turning index to patch face addressing";
 
    labelIOList faceToPatchEdgeAddressing
    (
        IOobject
        (
            "faceToPatchEdgeAddressing",
            regionMesh.facesInstance(),
            polyMesh::meshSubDir,
            regionMesh,
            IOobject::NO_READ,
            IOobject::NO_WRITE,
            IOobject::NO_REGISTER
        ),
        extruder.faceToEdgeMap()
    );
    faceToPatchEdgeAddressing.note() =
        "side face to patch edge addressing";
 
    labelIOList pointToPatchPointAddressing
    (
        IOobject
        (
            "pointToPatchPointAddressing",
            regionMesh.facesInstance(),
            polyMesh::meshSubDir,
            regionMesh,
            IOobject::NO_READ,
            IOobject::NO_WRITE,
            IOobject::NO_REGISTER
        ),
        extruder.pointToPointMap()
    );
    pointToPatchPointAddressing.note() =
        "point to patch point addressing";
 
 
    Info<< "Writing mesh " << regionMesh.name()
        << " to " << regionMesh.facesInstance() << nl
        << endl;
 
    bool ok =
        regionMesh.write()
     && cellToPatchFaceAddressing.write()
     && faceToPatchFaceAddressing.write()
     && faceToPatchEdgeAddressing.write()
     && pointToPatchPointAddressing.write();
 
    if (!ok)
    {
        FatalErrorInFunction
            << "Failed writing mesh " << regionMesh.name()
            << " at location " << regionMesh.facesInstance()
            << exit(FatalError);
    }
    topoSet::removeFiles(regionMesh);
    processorMeshes::removeFiles(regionMesh);
 
 
    // See if we need to extrude coordinates as well
    {
        autoPtr<pointIOField> patchFaceCentresPtr;
 
        IOobject io
        (
            "patchFaceCentres",
            mesh.pointsInstance(),
            polyMesh::meshSubDir,
            mesh,
            IOobject::MUST_READ
        );
        if (io.typeHeaderOk<pointIOField>(true))
        {
            // Read patchFaceCentres and patchEdgeCentres
            Info<< "Reading patch face,edge centres : "
                << io.name() << " and patchEdgeCentres" << endl;
 
            extrudeGeometricProperties
            (
                mesh,
                extrudePatch,
                extruder,
                regionMesh,
                model()
            );
        }
    }
 
 
 
 
    // Insert baffles into original mesh
    // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
    autoPtr<mapPolyMesh> addBafflesMap;
 
    if (adaptMesh)
    {
        polyTopoChange meshMod(mesh);
 
        // Modify faces to be in bottom (= always coupled) patch
        forAll(extrudeMeshFaces, zoneFacei)
        {
            label meshFacei = extrudeMeshFaces[zoneFacei];
            label zoneI = zoneID[zoneFacei];
            bool flip = zoneFlipMap[zoneFacei];
            const face& f = mesh.faces()[meshFacei];
 
            if (!flip)
            {
                meshMod.modifyFace
                (
                    f,                          // modified face
                    meshFacei,                  // label of face being modified
                    mesh.faceOwner()[meshFacei],// owner
                    -1,                         // neighbour
                    false,                      // face flip
                    interMeshBottomPatch[zoneI],// patch for face
                    meshZoneID[zoneI],          // zone for face
                    flip                        // face flip in zone
                );
            }
            else if (mesh.isInternalFace(meshFacei))
            {
                meshMod.modifyFace
                (
                    f.reverseFace(),                // modified face
                    meshFacei,                      // label of modified face
                    mesh.faceNeighbour()[meshFacei],// owner
                    -1,                             // neighbour
                    true,                           // face flip
                    interMeshBottomPatch[zoneI],    // patch for face
                    meshZoneID[zoneI],              // zone for face
                    !flip                           // face flip in zone
                );
            }
        }
 
        if (zoneShadowNames.size() > 0) //if there is a top faceZone specified
        {
            forAll(extrudeMeshFaces, zoneFacei)
            {
                label meshFacei = extrudeMeshShadowFaces[zoneFacei];
                label zoneI = zoneShadowID[zoneFacei];
                bool flip = zoneShadowFlipMap[zoneFacei];
                const face& f = mesh.faces()[meshFacei];
 
                if (!flip)
                {
                    meshMod.modifyFace
                    (
                        f,                          // modified face
                        meshFacei,                  // face being modified
                        mesh.faceOwner()[meshFacei],// owner
                        -1,                         // neighbour
                        false,                      // face flip
                        interMeshTopPatch[zoneI],   // patch for face
                        meshZoneID[zoneI],          // zone for face
                        flip                        // face flip in zone
                    );
                }
                else if (mesh.isInternalFace(meshFacei))
                {
                    meshMod.modifyFace
                    (
                        f.reverseFace(),                // modified face
                        meshFacei,                      // label modified face
                        mesh.faceNeighbour()[meshFacei],// owner
                        -1,                             // neighbour
                        true,                           // face flip
                        interMeshTopPatch[zoneI],       // patch for face
                        meshZoneID[zoneI],              // zone for face
                        !flip                           // face flip in zone
                    );
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // Add faces (using same points) to be in top patch
            forAll(extrudeMeshFaces, zoneFacei)
            {
                label meshFacei = extrudeMeshFaces[zoneFacei];
                label zoneI = zoneID[zoneFacei];
                bool flip = zoneFlipMap[zoneFacei];
                const face& f = mesh.faces()[meshFacei];
 
                if (!flip)
                {
                    if (mesh.isInternalFace(meshFacei))
                    {
                        meshMod.addFace
                        (
                            f.reverseFace(),                // modified face
                            mesh.faceNeighbour()[meshFacei],// owner
                            -1,                             // neighbour
                            -1,                             // master point
                            -1,                             // master edge
                            meshFacei,                      // master face
                            true,                           // flip flux
                            interMeshTopPatch[zoneI],       // patch for face
                            -1,                             // zone for face
                            false                           //face flip in zone
                        );
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    meshMod.addFace
                    (
                        f,                              // face
                        mesh.faceOwner()[meshFacei],    // owner
                        -1,                             // neighbour
                        -1,                             // master point
                        -1,                             // master edge
                        meshFacei,                      // master face
                        false,                          // flip flux
                        interMeshTopPatch[zoneI],       // patch for face
                        -1,                             // zone for face
                        false                           // zone flip
                    );
                }
            }
        }
 
        // Change the mesh. Change points directly (no inflation).
        addBafflesMap = meshMod.changeMesh(mesh, false);
 
        // Update fields
        mesh.updateMesh(addBafflesMap());
 
 
//XXXXXX
// Update maps! e.g. faceToPatchFaceAddressing
//XXXXXX
 
        // Move mesh (since morphing might not do this)
        if (addBafflesMap().hasMotionPoints())
        {
            mesh.movePoints(addBafflesMap().preMotionPoints());
        }
 
        mesh.setInstance(meshInstance);
 
        // Remove any unused patches
        deleteEmptyPatches(mesh);
 
        Info<< "Writing mesh " << mesh.name()
            << " to " << mesh.facesInstance() << nl
            << endl;
 
        if (!mesh.write())
        {
            FatalErrorInFunction
                << "Failed writing mesh " << mesh.name()
                << " at location " << mesh.facesInstance()
                << exit(FatalError);
        }
        topoSet::removeFiles(mesh);
        processorMeshes::removeFiles(mesh);
    }
 
    Info << "End\n" << endl;
 
    return 0;
}
 
 
// ************************************************************************* //